ArticleNeuropsychologia2013
Neural correlates of retrieval-based memory enhancement: an fMRI study of the testing effect.
Article in Neuropsychologia, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05585892 (Randomised Cross-over Study on the Effectiveness of Elaboration and Proactive Feedback as Part of Formative Key Feature Examinations in Undergraduate Medical Education), which is not on this map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Randomised Cross-over Study on the Effectiveness of Elaboration and Proactive Feedback as Part of Formative Key Feature Examinations in Undergraduate Medical Education
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cortisol suppression impairs retrieval of emotional memory and changes its neural correlates immediately and four days post-treatment.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Dopamine Enhances Item Novelty Detection via Hippocampal and Associative Recall via Left Lateral Prefrontal Cortex Mechanisms.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2019Trial
- The effect of recall, reproduction, and restudy on word learning: a pre-registered study.BMC psychology · 2017Trial
- Retrieval Practice Enhances Lexico-Semantic Representations and Facilitates Word Identification During the Attentional Blink: Evidence from L3 French Compound Word Learning.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Predictive learning as the basis of the testing effect.Communications psychology · 2025Article
- Embodiment in episodic memory through premotor-hippocampal coupling.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Intrinsic functional connectivity among memory networks does not predict individual differences in narrative recall.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- The testing effect for visual materials depends on preexisting knowledge.Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition · 2023Article
- Performance feedback enhances test-potentiated encoding.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Benefit from retrieval practice is linked to temporal and frontal activity in healthy young and older humans.Cerebral cortex communications · 2022Article
- Pedagogical Strategies for the Enhancement of Medical Education.Medical science educator · 2021Article
- Ocular measures during associative learning predict recall accuracy.International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology · 2021Article
- Considering the Role of Neurodidactics in Medical Education as Inspired by Learning Studies and Music Education.Medical science educator · 2021Article
- Neural Correlates of Long-Term Memory Enhancement Following Retrieval Practice.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Article
- Retrieval Practice Is Effective Regardless of Self-ReportedFrontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Retrieval practice facilitates learning by strengthening processing in both the anterior and posterior hippocampus.Brain and behavior · 2021Article
- Article
- Age-Related Decreases in the Retrieval Practice Effect Directly Relate to Changes in Alpha-Beta Oscillations.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2019Article
- Gradual acquisition of visuospatial associative memory representations via the dorsal precuneus.Human brain mapping · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Restudying material is a common method for learning new information, but not necessarily an effective one. Research on the testing effect shows that practice involving retrieval from memory can facilitate later memory in contrast to passive restudy. Despite extensive behavioral work, the brain processes that make retrieval an effective learning strategy remain unclear. In the present experiment, we explored how initially retrieving items affected memory a day later as compared to a condition involving traditional restudy. In contrast to restudy, initial testing that contributed to future memory success was associated with engagement of several regions including the anterior hippocampus, lateral temporal cortices, and medial prefrontal cortex (PFC). Additionally, testing enhanced hippocampal connectivity with ventrolateral PFC and midline regions. These findings indicate that the testing effect may be contingent on processes that are typically thought to support memory success at encoding (e.g. relational binding, selection and elaboration of semantically-related information) in addition to those more often associated with retrieval (e.g. memory search).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.