Trial reportJournal of the American College of Nutrition2010
Effects of diets high in walnuts and flax oil on hemodynamic responses to stress and vascular endothelial function.
Trial report in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02210767 (Effects of Walnuts on Central Blood Pressure, Arterial Stiffness Indices, Lipoproteins, and Other CVD Risk Factors), which is not on this map. Cited by 44 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Walnuts on Central Blood Pressure, Arterial Stiffness Indices, Lipoproteins, and Other CVD Risk Factors
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) on Blood Pressure and Endothelial Function in Adults: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2026Pooled it
- Tree Nut and Peanut Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- The impact of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on the incidence of cardiovascular events and complications in peripheral arterial disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2014Pooled it
- Dietary α-linolenic acid improves skin blood flow following cold exposure and endothelial function in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparative trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Trial
- Walnuts and Vegetable Oils Containing Oleic Acid Differentially Affect the Gut Microbiota and Associations with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Follow-up of a Randomized, Controlled, Feeding Trial in Adults at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease.The Journal of nutrition · 2020Trial
- Effect of nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners on hemodynamic responses to acute stress: a randomized crossover trial in healthy women.Nutrition & diabetes · 2020Trial
- Replacing Saturated Fat With Walnuts or Vegetable Oils Improves Central Blood Pressure and Serum Lipids in Adults at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease: A Randomized Controlled-Feeding Trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Trial
- Effect of flaxseed consumption on flow-mediated dilation and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with coronary artery disease: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Trial
- Effects of pistachios on the lipid/lipoprotein profile, glycemic control, inflammation, and endothelial function in type 2 diabetes: A randomized trial.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2015Trial
- Acute effects of pistachio consumption on glucose and insulin, satiety hormones and endothelial function in the metabolic syndrome.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2014Trial
- Trial
- Acute consumption of walnuts and walnut components differentially affect postprandial lipemia, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and cholesterol efflux in humans with mild hypercholesterolemia.The Journal of nutrition · 2013Trial
- Effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on heart rate variability at rest and during acute stress in adults with moderate hypertriglyceridemia.Psychosomatic medicine · 2013Trial
- Effects of walnuts on endothelial function in overweight adults with visceral obesity: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial.Journal of the American College of Nutrition · 2012Trial
- Effects of marine-derived omega-3 fatty acids on systemic hemodynamics at rest and during stress: a dose-response study.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2012Trial
- Diets containing pistachios reduce systolic blood pressure and peripheral vascular responses to stress in adults with dyslipidemia.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2012Trial
- Effect of meal content on heart rate variability and cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress.Psychophysiology · 2012Trial
- Impact of walnut consumption on glycemic control and anthropometric indices: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Nutritional Advantages of Walnut (Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Walnut Consumption May Contribute to Healthy Cardiovascular/Endothelial Function by Maintaining Membrane Integrity.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPolyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk, although the mechanisms are incompletely understood. In a previous article, we showed significant reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and several markers of inflammation with increasing intake of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) from walnuts and flax.
objectiveTo examine effects of ALA on cardiovascular responses to acute stress, flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, and blood concentrations of endothelin-1 and arginine-vasopressin (AVP).
designUsing a randomized, crossover study design, cardiovascular responses to acute stress were assessed in 20 hypercholesterolemic subjects, a subset of whom also underwent FMD testing (n = 12). Participants were fed an average American diet (AAD) and 2 experimental diets that varied in the amount of ALA and linoleic acid (LA) that they contained. The AAD provided 8.7% energy from PUFA (7.7% LA, 0.8% ALA). On the LA diet, saturated fat was reduced, and PUFA from walnuts and walnut oil provided 16.4% of energy (12.6% LA, 3.6% ALA). On the ALA diet, walnuts, walnut oil, and flax oil provided 17% energy from PUFA (10.5% LA, 6.5% ALA).
resultsThe ALA and LA diets significantly reduced diastolic blood pressure (-2 to -3 mm Hg) and total peripheral resistance (-4%), and this effect was evident at rest and during stress (main effect of diet, p < 0.02). FMD increased (+34%) on the diet containing additional ALA. AVP also increased by 20%, and endothelin-1 was unchanged.
conclusionsThese results suggest novel mechanisms for the cardioprotective effects of walnuts and flax, and further work is needed to identify the bioactives responsible for these effects.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.