Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21447664›Full record

ArticleDiabetes care2011

Cohort study of pioglitazone and cancer incidence in patients with diabetes.

Assiamira Ferrara, James D Lewis, Charles P Quesenberry, Tiffany Peng, Brian L Strom, Stephen K Van Den Eeden, Samantha F Ehrlich, Laurel A Habel

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes care, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 19 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
76citing papers in PubMed, 19 pooled it
18.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

76 citing papers in PubMed, 19 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 180 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Pooled it
  10. Pooled it
  11. Pooled it
  12. Pooled it
  13. Pooled it
  14. Pooled it
  15. Guideline
  16. Pooled it
  17. Pooled it
  18. Pooled it
  19. Thiazolidinediones and risk of colorectal cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis.Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association
    Pooled it
  20. Article

16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Assiamira FerraraDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA. assiamira.ferrara@kp.org
James D Lewis
Charles P Quesenberry
Tiffany Peng
Brian L Strom
Stephen K Van Den Eeden
Samantha F Ehrlich
Laurel A Habel
Kaiser Permanente · USUniversity of Pennsylvania · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo explore whether treatment with pioglitazone was associated with risk of incident cancer at the 10 most common sites (prostate, female breast, lung/bronchus, endometrial, colon, non-Hodgkin lymphoma [NHL], pancreas, kidney/renal pelvis, rectal, and melanoma). RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsA cohort study of 252,467 patients aged ≥40 years from the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Diabetes Registry was conducted. All prescriptions for diabetes medications were identified by pharmacy records. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between risk of incident cancer and ever use, duration, dose, and time since initiation of pioglitazone (modeled as time-dependent variables).

resultsIn models adjusted for age, sex, year of cohort entry, race/ethnicity, income, smoking, glycemic control, diabetes duration, creatinine levels, congestive heart failure, and use of other diabetes medications, the hazard ratio (HR) for each cancer associated with ever use of pioglitazone ranged from 0.7 to 1.3, with all 95% CIs including 1.0. There was a suggestion of an increased risk of melanoma (HR 1.3 [95% CI 0.9-2.0]) and NHL (1.3 [1.0-1.8]) and a decreased risk of kidney/renal pelvis cancers (0.7 [0.4-1.1]) associated with ever use of pioglitazone. These associations were unaltered with increasing dose, duration, or time since first use.

conclusionsWe found no clear evidence of an association between use of pioglitazone and risk of the incident cancers examined. Because the maximum duration of follow-up was fewer than 6 years after the initiation of pioglitazone, longer-term studies are needed.

Indexed as

AdultAgedDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleHumansHypoglycemic AgentsMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasmsPioglitazoneProportional Hazards ModelsThiazolidinedionesHypoglycemic AgentsPioglitazoneThiazolidinediones

Identifiers

PMID21447664
PMCPMC3064052
OpenAlexW2130469036

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.