ReviewBirth defects research. Part B, Developmental and reproductive toxicology2011
Evaluation of the reproductive and developmental risks of caffeine.
Review in Birth defects research. Part B, Developmental and reproductive toxicology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mendelian randomization study of maternal coffee consumption and its influence on birthweight, stillbirth, miscarriage, gestational age and pre-term birth.International journal of epidemiology · 2023Pooled it
- Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and risk of pregnancy loss: a categorical and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies.Public health nutrition · 2016Pooled it
- Maternal Caffeine Consumption during Pregnancy and Risk of Low Birth Weight: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
- Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy is associated with risk of low birth weight: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2014Pooled it
- Caffeine toxicity in zebrafish - Neurobehavioral changes, developmental defects, and oxidative stress: A review.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Review
- Abnormal chenodexycholic acid metabolism programming promotes cartilage matrix degradation in male adult offspring rats induced by prenatal caffeine exposure.Toxicology research · 2025Article
- Review
- Updating an Overview of Teratology.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Evidence for ethnicity and location as regulators of the newborn blood metabolome: a monozygous twin study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Time effect of rutaecarpine on caffeine pharmacokinetics in rats.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2021Article
- Caffeine use during pregnancy: prevalence of use and newborn consequences in a cohort of French pregnant women.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2021Article
- Associations of maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy with abdominal and liver fat deposition in childhood.Pediatric obesity · 2020Article
- Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption frequency in Korean adolescents: based on the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey.International dental journal · 2019Article
- Biases Inherent in Studies of Coffee Consumption in Early Pregnancy and the Risks of Subsequent Events.Nutrients · 2018Review
- Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 49, Revision 1 (FGE.49Rev1): xanthine alkaloids from the priority list.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2017Article
- The Effects of Caffeine on the Long Bones and Testes in Immature and Young Adult Rats.Toxicological research · 2017Article
- Dose- and time-related effects of caffeine on the testis in immature male rats.Experimental animals · 2017Article
- High-Throughput Toxicity and Phenotypic Screening of 3D Human Neural Progenitor Cell Cultures on a Microarray Chip Platform.Stem cell reports · 2016Article
- Behavioral profile assessment in offspring of Swiss mice treated during pregnancy and lactation with caffeine.Metabolic brain disease · 2016Article
- A prospective study of caffeine and coffee intake and premenstrual syndrome.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A risk analysis of in utero caffeine exposure is presented utilizing epidemiological studies and animal studies dealing with congenital malformation, pregnancy loss, and weight reduction. These effects are of interest to teratologists, because animal studies are useful in their evaluation. Many of the epidemiology studies did not evaluate the impact of the "pregnancy signal," which identifies healthy pregnancies and permits investigators to identify subjects with low pregnancy risks. The spontaneous abortion epidemiology studies were inconsistent and the majority did not consider the confounding introduced by not considering the pregnancy signal. The animal studies do not support the concept that caffeine is an abortafacient for the wide range of human caffeine exposures. Almost all the congenital malformation epidemiology studies were negative. Animal pharmacokinetic studies indicate that the teratogenic plasma level of caffeine has to reach or exceed 60 µg/ml, which is not attainable from ingesting large amounts of caffeine in foods and beverages. No epidemiological study described the "caffeine teratogenic syndrome." Six of the 17 recent epidemiology studies dealing with the risk of caffeine and fetal weight reduction were negative. Seven of the positive studies had growth reductions that were clinically insignificant and none of the studies cited the animal literature. Analysis of caffeine's reproductive toxicity considers reproducibility and plausibility of clinical, epidemiological, and animal data. Moderate or even high amounts of beverages and foods containing caffeine do not increase the risks of congenital malformations, miscarriage or growth retardation. Pharmacokinetic studies markedly improve the ability to perform the risk analyses.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.