Trial reportThe American journal of the medical sciences2011

The effect of gemfibrozil, niacin and cholestyramine combination therapy on metabolic syndrome in the Armed Forces Regression Study.

Richard A Krasuski, Ganesh P Devendra, George Cater, Edwin J Whitney

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The American journal of the medical sciences, 2011. The graph read 4 numbers from its abstract, feeding 1 cell of the map: it finds no clear difference in 1. Cited by 2 papers.

4numbers the graph read from it
1cell of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 32% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
-30.00 · no effect
Glycemic controlfavours the treatment · against placebo · dyslipidemia, obesityfeeds one cell of the map
decrease -1.10P = 0.01
In the lifestyle intervention and placebo group, the mean number of metabolic syndrome components decreased from 2.2 ± 0.9 to 1.9 ± 1.1 (P = 0.01), and prevalence of metabolic syndrome decreased from 44% to 30% (P = 0.15).
Glycemic controlno clear difference · against placebo · dyslipidemia, obesityfeeds one cell of the map
decrease -30.0P = 0.15
In the lifestyle intervention and placebo group, the mean number of metabolic syndrome components decreased from 2.2 ± 0.9 to 1.9 ± 1.1 (P = 0.01), and prevalence of metabolic syndrome decreased from 44% to 30% (P = 0.15).

Read, but not usablea number the graph found but could not read as for or against

Glycemic controldescribes a change within one group, not a comparison · against placebo · dyslipidemia, obesityfeeds one cell of the map
decrease -6.00P < 0.001
A far more marked change was observed with lifestyle intervention and pharmacologic therapy: abnormal metabolic components decreased from 2.2 ± 0.9 to 1.0 ± 1.0 (P < 0.001), and prevalence of metabolic syndrome decreased from 32% to 6% (P < 0.001).
Glycemic controldescribes a change within one group, not a comparison · against placebo · dyslipidemia, obesityfeeds one cell of the map
decrease -1.00P < 0.001
A far more marked change was observed with lifestyle intervention and pharmacologic therapy: abnormal metabolic components decreased from 2.2 ± 0.9 to 1.0 ± 1.0 (P < 0.001), and prevalence of metabolic syndrome decreased from 32% to 6% (P < 0.001).

clause the extractor read what became the number

2 · Its place on the map

Where it lands on the map

Rows are treatments, columns are outcomes. The coloured squares are the cells this paper feeds, coloured by the vote it casts there. Click one to jump to what this paper adds to it.

supports the treatmentfavours the comparatorno clear differenceread, but no usable result
3 · What it changes

What it adds to each cell

For every cell the paper feeds: the belief in the claim with and without this paper, and this paper's estimate drawn against every other readable study in the cell. The ringed dot is this paper.

Diet, exercise & lifestyle×glycemic control

InconclusiveOpen on the map →What to test next →

5 readable studies in this cell: 4 favour the treatment, 1 find no difference, 0 favour the comparator.

Belief with this paper
0.99replicated · 2 families support, 0 contradict · against placebo
Without it
0.99This paper does not move the number.
← favours the treatmentfavours the comparator →
0 · no effect
This paper · 2011
decrease -1.10
mean decreases -0.50-0.80 to -0.30
4 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

5 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Chronic kidney disease combined with metabolic syndrome is a non-negligible risk factor.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2024
    Review
  2. Review
6 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

7 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Richard A KrasuskiDivision of Clinical Cardiology, Department of CV Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. krasusr@ccf.org
Ganesh P Devendra
George Cater
Edwin J Whitney
Cleveland Clinic · USSan Antonio Endovascular & Heart Institute · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

8 · The paper itself

Abstract

The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.

introductionMetabolic syndrome is a powerful predictor of cardiovascular events independent of overt diabetes. Dietary restriction and weight loss modify metabolic syndrome components. This study addresses whether combination pharmacologic therapy focused on dyslipidemia provides additional benefit.

methodsThis study examines the effect of 1 year of gemfibrozil, niacin and cholestyramine therapy on a baseline of aggressive dietary and lifestyle intervention in 143 clinically stable, nondiabetic patients with coronary disease, randomized into a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

resultsCohort characteristics included age 63 ± 7 years, 92% men, 43% with previous myocardial infarction, systolic blood pressure 139 ± 17 mm Hg, triglycerides 168 ± 81 mg/dL and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 34 ± 6 mg/dL. The mean number of metabolic syndrome components decreased from 2.2 ± 0.9 to 1.5 ± 1.1, P < 0.001, and metabolic syndrome prevalence decreased from 38% to 18% (P < 0.001) for the entire cohort. In the lifestyle intervention and placebo group, the mean number of metabolic syndrome components decreased from 2.2 ± 0.9 to 1.9 ± 1.1 (P = 0.01), and prevalence of metabolic syndrome decreased from 44% to 30% (P = 0.15). A far more marked change was observed with lifestyle intervention and pharmacologic therapy: abnormal metabolic components decreased from 2.2 ± 0.9 to 1.0 ± 1.0 (P < 0.001), and prevalence of metabolic syndrome decreased from 32% to 6% (P < 0.001).

conclusionsThe combination of gemfibrozil, niacin and cholestyramine has profound, beneficial effects on the components of metabolic syndrome. These benefits are additive to those seen with aggressive diet and lifestyle modification.

Indexed as

Military PersonnelAgedAnticholesteremic AgentsBody Mass IndexCholestyramine ResinDouble-Blind MethodDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleGemfibrozilHumansHypolipidemic AgentsLife StyleLipidsLongitudinal StudiesMaleMetabolic SyndromeAnticholesteremic AgentsCholestyramine ResinGemfibrozilHypolipidemic AgentsLipidsNiacin

Identifiers

PMID21358314
OpenAlexW2069397956

What OpenQuestion holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.