ArticleAAPS PharmSciTech2010
An electronic tongue: evaluation of the masking efficacy of sweetening and/or flavoring agents on the bitter taste of epinephrine.
Article in AAPS PharmSciTech, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structural and functional properties ofFood production, processing and nutrition · 2026Article
- Preparation and Characterization of Diclofenac Sodium-Purolite A430MR Complexes for Taste Masking.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Article
- Citric Acid: A Multifunctional Pharmaceutical Excipient.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Formulation of sublingual promethazine hydrochloride tablets for rapid relief of motion sickness.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2021Article
- Development of nanoparticle-based orodispersible palatable pediatric formulations.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Salt Engineering of Aripiprazole with Polycarboxylic Acids to Improve Physicochemical Properties.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2021Article
- Article
- A donepezil/cyclodextrin complexation orodispersible film: Effect of cyclodextrin on taste-masking based on dynamic process andAsian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2019Article
- Development and evaluation of taste masked dry syrup formulation of potassium chloride.AAPS open · 2019Article
- Epinephrine in Anaphylaxis: Preclinical Study of Pharmacokinetics after Sublingual Administration of Taste-Masked Tablets for Potential Pediatric Use.Pharmaceutics · 2018Article
- New sensor technologies in quality evaluation of Chinese materia medica: 2010-2015.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2017Review
- Discrimination and geographical origin prediction of washed specialty Bourbon coffee from different coffee growing areas in Rwanda by using electronic nose and electronic tongue.Food science and biotechnology · 2017Article
- Optimization and validation of the protocol used to analyze the taste of traditional Chinese medicines using an electronic tongue.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2016Article
- Sublingual Diffusion of Epinephrine Microcrystals from Rapidly Disintegrating Tablets for the Potential First-Aid Treatment of Anaphylaxis: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Study.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2015Article
- Assessment of taste attributes of peanut meal enzymatic-hydrolysis hydrolysates using an electronic tongue.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2015Article
- Dissolution testing of sublingual tablets: a novel in vitro method.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An epinephrine (E) tablet is under development for sublingual (SL) administration for the first-aid treatment of anaphylaxis; however, the inherent bitterness of E may hinder acceptability by patients, especially children. To assess the degree of E bitterness and to predict the masking effects of sweetening and/or flavoring non-medicinal ingredients (NMIs), the potential usefulness of an electronic tongue (e-Tongue) was evaluated. The e-Tongue sensors were conditioned, calibrated, and tested for taste discrimination. Six standard active pharmaceutical ingredients were used to build and validate a bitterness model which was then used to assess E bitartrate (EB) solutions from 0.3-9 mM. Taste-masking efficiency of aspartame (ASP), acesulfame potassium (ASK), and citric acid (CA) each at 0.5 mM was evaluated. Using EB 9 mM, the bitterness score was 20 on a scale of 20 (unacceptable) down to 1 (not detected). When NMIs 0.5 mM were added, neither ASK (17.2, unacceptable) nor was ASP (14.0, limit acceptable) effective in masking the bitter taste. When the combination of ASK and ASP was used, the bitterness score was reduced to 9.2 (acceptable). However, the addition of CA alone resulted in the best reduction of the bitterness score to 3.3 (not detected). Using the e-Tongue, the incorporation of a variety of sweetening and/or flavoring NMIs into a SL tablet of E could be shown to mask its bitter taste by up to 80%. These results should be confirmed by in vivo studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.