ReviewTrends in immunology2009
Neonatal immunity: faulty T-helpers and the shortcomings of dendritic cells.
Review in Trends in immunology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 165 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
165 citing papers in PubMed, 256 citations in OpenAlex.
- In vitro cytokine induction by TLR-activating vaccine adjuvants in human blood varies by age and adjuvant.Cytokine · 2016Trial
- Early-life immune imprinting by a B. infantis-HMO synbiotic shapes infant immune signatures and protects against experimental respiratory disease.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- LPS and β-Glucan Induce Differential Memory-like Inflammatory Responses with Enhanced Reactivity in Neonatal Neutrophils Compared to Adults.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Vaccine Responses in Early Age.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Catching our breath: development of interventions and therapies for respiratory syncytial virus.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2026Review
- Viral Vaccine Adjuvant Strategies for Shaping Durable Immunity Across the Human Lifespan.Vaccines · 2026Review
- The Role and Safety of Aluminum Adjuvants in Childhood Vaccines.Pediatrics · 2026Review
- Article
- Crosstalk between the microbiome and the mucosal immunoglobulin A system in the lung, in health and disease.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Comparing differences in onset and clinical manifestations between children and adults withFrontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Article
- The Bordetella type III secretion system effector BteA targets host eosinophil-epithelial signaling to promote IL-1Ra expression and persistence.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Rational adjuvant selection for the neonatal period shapes unique and lasting immune polarization in mice.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Lifelong partners: Gut microbiota-immune cell interactions from infancy to old age.Mucosal immunology · 2025Review
- Shaping immunity: the influence of the maternal gut bacteria on fetal immune development.Seminars in immunopathology · 2025Review
- Age-dependent differences in type I interferon, IL-12 and pro-inflammatory cytokine production by porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to pseudorabies virus-infected cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Predictors of mortality and severe illness from Escherichia coli sepsis in neonates.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024Article
- Feeding Docosahexaenoic Acid and Arachidonic Acid during Suckling and Weaning Contributes to Oral Tolerance Development by Beneficially Modulating the Intestinal Cytokine and Immunoglobulin Levels in an Allergy-Prone Brown Norway Rat Model.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Prion protein alters viral control and enhances pathology after perinatal cytomegalovirus infection.Nature communications · 2024Article
105 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immunity in the newborn is characterized by minimal T helper (Th)1 function but an excess of Th2 activity. Since Th1 lymphocytes are important to counter microbes and Th2 cells favor allergies, the newborn faces susceptibility to microbial infections and allergic reactions. Delayed maturation of certain dendritic cells leads to limited interleukin (IL)-12 production during the neonatal period. The Th2 cytokine locus of neonatal CD4(+) T cells is poised epigenetically for rapid and robust production of IL-4 and IL-13. Together, these circumstances lead to efficient differentiation of Th2 cells and the expression of an IL-4Ralpha/IL-13Ralpha1 heteroreceptor on Th1 cells. Upon re-challenge, Th2 cells rapidly produce IL-4 which utilizes the heteroreceptor to drive apoptosis of Th1 cells, thus yielding the Th2 bias of neonatal immunity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.