Trial reportDiabetes2007
Factors associated with diabetes onset during metformin versus placebo therapy in the diabetes prevention program.
Trial report in Diabetes, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metformin for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in persons at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019 · on this mapPooled it
- Metformin increases glycolysis and the stress-induced cytokine GDF15 but not FGF21 in humans.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Trial
- Long-term effects and effect heterogeneity of lifestyle and metformin interventions on type 2 diabetes incidence over 21 years in the US Diabetes Prevention Program randomised clinical trial.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2025Trial
- Weight Loss, Lifestyle Intervention, and Metformin Affect Longitudinal Relationship of Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022 · on this mapTrial
- Weight loss and β-cell responses following gastric banding or pharmacotherapy in adults with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2022Trial
- Regression to Normal Glucose Regulation in American Indians and Alaska Natives of a Diabetes Prevention Program.Diabetes care · 2019 · on this mapTrial
- Long-Term Weight Loss With Metformin or Lifestyle Intervention in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.Annals of internal medicine · 2019Trial
- PREVENT-DM Comparative Effectiveness Trial of Lifestyle Intervention and Metformin.American journal of preventive medicine · 2017 · on this mapTrial
- The rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of PREVENT-DM: A community-based comparative effectiveness trial of lifestyle intervention and metformin among Latinas with prediabetes.Contemporary clinical trials · 2015Trial
- Lifestyle and metformin interventions have a durable effect to lower CRP and tPA levels in the diabetes prevention program except in those who develop diabetes.Diabetes care · 2014Trial
- Metabolic syndrome components and their response to lifestyle and metformin interventions are associated with differences in diabetes risk in persons with impaired glucose tolerance.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2014Trial
- Early response to preventive strategies in the Diabetes Prevention Program.Journal of general internal medicine · 2013Trial
- Lifestyle and metformin treatment favorably influence lipoprotein subfraction distribution in the Diabetes Prevention Program.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2013Trial
- Long-term safety, tolerability, and weight loss associated with metformin in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.Diabetes care · 2012Trial
- The effects of metformin with lifestyle therapy in polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized double-blind study.Fertility and sterility · 2011Trial
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist-based regimens compared with metformin-based regimens for preventing cardiovascular disease in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Article
- 3. Prevention or Delay of Diabetes and Associated Comorbidities: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026.Diabetes care · 2026Review
- The Diabetes Prevention Program and Its Outcomes Study: NIDDK's Journey Into the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes and Its Public Health Impact.Diabetes care · 2025Review
- 3. Prevention or Delay of Diabetes and Associated Comorbidities: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025.Diabetes care · 2025Review
- Characterizing the genetic architecture of drug response using gene-context interaction methods.Cell genomics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In the Diabetes Prevention Program, treatment of subjects with impaired glucose tolerance with metformin >3.2 years reduced the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 30% compared with placebo. This study describes the mechanisms of this effect. In proportional hazards regression models with 2,155 subjects, changes in weight, the insulinogenic index (IGR), fasting insulin, and proinsulin were predictive of diabetes, though to different degrees within each group. The mean change in weight, fasting insulin, and proinsulin, but not IGR, differed between groups during the study. The 1.7-kg weight loss with metformin versus a 0.3-kg gain with placebo alone explained 64% of the beneficial metformin effect on diabetes risk. Adjustment for weight, fasting insulin, proinsulin, and other metabolic factors combined explained 81% of the beneficial metformin effect, but it remained nominally significant (P = 0.034). After the addition of changes in fasting glucose, 99% of the group effect was explained and is no longer significant. Treatment of high-risk subjects with metformin results in modest weight loss and favorable changes in insulin sensitivity and proinsulin, which contribute to a reduction in the risk of diabetes apart from the associated reductions in fasting glucose.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.