ArticleJournal of virology1999
Identification of an active reverse transcriptase enzyme encoded by a human endogenous HERV-K retrovirus.
Article in Journal of virology, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Viral mimicry escape as a necessary feature of malignant transformation.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Tenofovir, Interferon Pathways, and Mucosal Immunity: Implications for People Living With HIV.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Betrixaban activates cGAS and ERVs to promote dual nucleic-sensing antiviral immunity.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Gammaretrovirus Infections in Humans in the Past, Present, and Future: Have We Defeated the Pathogen?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Mutant IDH1 inhibition induces dsDNA sensing to activate tumor immunity.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Subcellular location of L1 retrotransposon-encoded ORF1p, reverse transcription products, and DNA sensors in lupus granulocytes.Mobile DNA · 2024Article
- Antiretroviral Drug Repositioning for Glioblastoma.Cancers · 2024Article
- Retrotransposon life cycle and its impacts on cellular responses.RNA biology · 2024Review
- Does the interplay between human endogenous retrovirus K and extracellular vesicles contribute to aging?Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2023Article
- Exploring HERV-K (HML-2) Influence in Cancer and Prospects for Therapeutic Interventions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Engineered CRISPR prime editors with compact, untethered reverse transcriptases.Nature biotechnology · 2023Article
- The Evaluation of HERV-K np9, rec, gag Expression in Isolated Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC) of Gastric and Colon Cancer.Advanced biomedical research · 2023Article
- Human endogenous retrovirus-K (HERV-K) reverse transcriptase (RT) structure and biochemistry reveals remarkable similarities to HIV-1 RT and opportunities for HERV-K-specific inhibition.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Endogenous Retroviral Elements in Human Development and Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumors.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Review
- Identification of Differentially Expressed Human Endogenous Retrovirus Families in Human Leukemia and Lymphoma Cell Lines and Stem Cells.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- Human endogenous retrovirus-K (HML-2): a comprehensive review.Critical reviews in microbiology · 2018Review
- Commentary: A Possible Mechanism of Zika Virus Associated Microcephaly: Imperative Role of Retinoic Acid Response Element (RARE) Consensus Sequence Repeats in the Viral Genome.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Susceptibility of Human Endogenous Retrovirus Type K to Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Herpesviral capture of immunomodulatory host genes.Virus genes · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Of the numerous endogenous retroviral elements that are present in the human genome, the abundant HERV-K family is distinct because several members are transcriptionally active and coding for biologically active proteins. A detailed phylogeny of the HERV-K family based on the partial sequence of the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene revealed a high incidence of an intact RT open reading frame within the HML-2 subgroup of HERV-K elements. In this study, we report the cloning of six full-length HML-2 RT genes, of which five contain an uninterrupted open reading frame. The RT enzymes were expressed as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins in Escherichia coli, and several HERV-K RT enzymes demonstrated polymerase as well as RNase H activity. Several biochemical properties of the RT polymerase were analyzed, including the template requirements and optimal reaction conditions (temperature, type of divalent cation). Inspection of the nucleotide sequence of the HERV-K RT genes demonstrated a mosaic structure, suggesting that a high level of genetic recombination has occurred in this virus family, which is a hallmark of replication by means of reverse transcription. The selective pressure to maintain the RT coding potential is illustrated by the sequence of a particular HERV-K isolate that contains three 1-nucleotide deletions within a small RT segment, thus maintaining the open reading frame. These combined results may suggest that these endogenous RT enzymes still have a biological function. It is possible that the RT activity was involved in the spread of this major class of retroelements by retrotransposition, and in fact it cannot be excluded that this retrovirus group is still mobile. The endogenous RT activity may also have been involved in the shaping of the human genome, e.g., by formation of pseudogenes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.