SynthesisDrugs1999
Second-generation antihistamines: a comparative review.
Synthesis in Drugs, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 240 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk of injury associated with the sedative potential of second-generation antihistamines: A nationwide retrospective cohort study.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Novel insights into diagnosis and management of hyperreactivity: a narrative review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Review
- Dreaming of Better Treatments: Advances in Drug Development for Sleep Medicine and Chronotherapy.Journal of sleep research · 2025Review
- Photoredox-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling Reaction to Synthesis Unsymmetrical Diarylmethanes.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Calcium and Neural Stem Cell Proliferation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Solubility and Physical Stability Enhancement of Loratadine by Preparation of Co-Amorphous Solid Dispersion with Chlorpheniramine and Polyvinylpyrrolidone.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- 2023 Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Insomnia in Adults - Brazilian Sleep Association.Sleep science (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2023Review
- Wheatgrass-and-Aronia-Mixed Extract Suppresses Immunoglobulin E-Mediated Allergic Reactions In Vitro and In Vivo.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Sleep disturbances in autism spectrum disorder: Animal models, neural mechanisms, and therapeutics.Neurobiology of sleep and circadian rhythms · 2023Review
- Drug delivery targets and strategies to address mast cell diseases.Expert opinion on drug delivery · 2023Review
- Topical Formulation of Nano Spray-Dried Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride against Allergic Edema.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Pharmacodynamic model of slow reversible binding and its applications in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling: review and tutorial.Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics · 2022Review
- Combinational benefit of antihistamines and remdesivir for reducing SARS-CoV-2 replication and alleviating inflammation-induced lung injury in mice.Zoological research · 2022Article
- Indoor Pollen Concentrations of Mountain Cedar (International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis: A Comparative Study of Traditional Antihistamine oral Rupatidine Versus Oral Rupatidine with a Lipid Based Nasal Ointment.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2019Article
- Green Analytical Methods for the Separation of Seven Antihistamines: Application in Separation of Azelastine and Related Impurities in Nasal Solution.International journal of analytical chemistry · 2019Article
- A History of Drug Discovery for Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting and the Implications for Future Research.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2018Review
- Selecting optimal second-generation antihistamines for allergic rhinitis and urticaria in Asia.Clinical and molecular allergy : CMA · 2017Article
- Clinical practice. Allergic rhinitis.The New England journal of medicine · 2015Review
- Palladium-catalyzed chemoselective allylic substitution, Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling, and allene formation of bifunctional 2-B(pin)-substituted allylic acetate derivatives.Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonists (antihistamines) have been developed to reduce or eliminate the sedation and anticholinergic adverse effects that occur with older H1 receptor antagonists. This article evaluates second-generation antihistamines, including acrivastine, astemizole, azelastine, cetirizine, ebastine, fexofenadine, ketotifen, loratadine, mizolastine and terfenadine, for significant features that affect choice. In addition to their primary mechanism of antagonising histamine at the H1 receptor, these agents may act on other mediators of the allergic reaction. However, the clinical significance of activity beyond that mediated by histamine H1 receptor antagonism has yet to be demonstrated. Most of the agents reviewed are metabolised by the liver to active metabolites that play a significant role in their effect. Conditions that result in accumulation of astemizole, ebastine and terfenadine may prolong the QT interval and result in torsade de pointes. The remaining agents reviewed do not appear to have this risk. For allergic rhinitis, all agents are effective and the choice should be based on other factors. For urticaria, cetirizine and mizolastine demonstrate superior suppression of wheal and flare at the dosages recommended by the manufacturer. For atopic dermatitis, as adjunctive therapy to reduce pruritus, cetirizine, ketotifen and loratadine demonstrate efficacy. Although current evidence does not suggest a primary role for these agents in the management of asthma, it does support their use for asthmatic patients when there is coexisting allergic rhinitis, dermatitis or urticaria.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.