ArticlePharmaceutical research1999
Submicron cationic emulsions as a new delivery system for oligonucleotides.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research progress of mosquito-borne virus mRNA vaccines.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) Vaccines and Their Delivery Systems: A Review.Clinical pharmacology : advances and applications · 2023Review
- mRNA-based therapeutics: powerful and versatile tools to combat diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2022Review
- A Squalene-Based Nanoemulsion for Therapeutic Delivery of Resiquimod.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- New bicompartmental structures are observed when stearylamine is mixed with triglyceride emulsions.Pharmaceutical research · 2000Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe main purpose of the present study was to investigate submicron emulsions as potential oligonucleotide (ON) delivery system.
methodsSubmicron emulsions containing various concentrations of stearylamine (SA) were prepared by microfluidization. After association with model oligothymidylates, these emulsions were characterized in terms of particle size, zeta-potential, association efficiency and release upon dilution. The interactions between ON and SA were investigated by partitioning studies between water and oily phases, with ON of three different lengths (pdT16, pdT30, pdT50). The stability of pdT16 in the presence of nucleases was evaluated by incubation in cell culture medium supplemented with 10% of foetal calf serum.
resultsThe ON association efficiency was much higher with emulsions containing SA (E(SA)) than with control emulsions (E0), whatever the ON length. In addition, E(SA) was shown to protect ON against degradation for up to 3 hours in culture medium. ON and SA were able to form ion-pairs and the resulting complex was found to be insoluble both in water and in oil. Zeta potential was maintained constant when increasing the ON concentration, until flocculation occurred (up to 250 microM in the case of pdT16 for example). This has been explained by the presence of SA in excess, soluble in the oily core of droplets, able to migrate towards the interface and replacing SA neutralized in ion-pairs.
conclusionsESA appears to be a valuable system for delivery of ON and might even be improved by selecting an oily phase in which the SA/ON complex would be soluble.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.