ArticleJournal of neurochemistry1999
Prostaglandin E receptor subtypes in cultured rat microglia and their role in reducing lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-1beta production.
Article in Journal of neurochemistry, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 159 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuroprotective Potential ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Neuroprotective actions of norepinephrine in neurological diseases.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2024Review
- Receptors on Microglia.Advances in neurobiology · 2024Review
- An Insight into Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Pathogenesis of Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Lipopolysaccharide distinctively alters human microglia transcriptomes to resemble microglia from Alzheimer's disease mouse models.Disease models & mechanisms · 2022Article
- Regulation of PGECellular and molecular neurobiology · 2021Article
- Small molecules targeting cyclooxygenase/prostanoid cascade in experimental brain ischemia: Do they translate?Medicinal research reviews · 2021Review
- Prostaglandin E receptors as targets for ischemic stroke: Novel evidence and molecular mechanisms of efficacy.Pharmacological research · 2021Review
- Murine astrocytes produce IL-24 and are susceptible to the immunosuppressive effects of this cytokine.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2019Article
- Peripherally derived macrophages modulate microglial function to reduce inflammation after CNS injury.PLoS biology · 2018Article
- Physiological Concentration of Prostaglandin EMolecular neurobiology · 2018Article
- Current Concepts of Neurodegenerative Mechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease.BioMed research international · 2018Review
- A G protein-coupled α7 nicotinic receptor regulates signaling and TNF-α release in microglia.FEBS open bio · 2017Article
- Prostaglandin ENano LIFE · 2017Article
- Ammonia Attenuates LPS-Induced Upregulation of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine mRNA in Co-Cultured Astrocytes and Microglia.Neurochemical research · 2017Article
- Cerebroprotection by the neuronal PGE2 receptor EP2 after intracerebral hemorrhage in middle-aged mice.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2017Article
- PGE2-EP3 signaling exacerbates intracerebral hemorrhage outcomes in 24-mo-old mice.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2016Article
- EP2 Receptor Signaling Regulates Microglia Death.Molecular pharmacology · 2015Article
- Genetic deletion of the prostaglandin E2 E prostanoid receptor subtype 3 improves anatomical and functional outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage.The European journal of neuroscience · 2015Article
- Prostaglandin E2 differentially modulates the central control of eupnoea, sighs and gasping in mice.The Journal of physiology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are potent modulators of brain function under normal and pathological conditions. The diverse effects of PGs are due to the various actions of specific receptor subtypes for these prostanoids. Recent work has shown that PGE2, while generally considered a proinflammatory molecule, reduces microglial activation and thus has an antiinflammatory effect on these cells. To gain further insight to the mechanisms by which PGE2 influences the activation of microglia, we investigated PGE receptor subtype, i.e., EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4, expression and function in cultured rat microglia. RT-PCR showed the presence of the EP1 and EP2 but not EP3 and EP4 receptor subtypes. Sequencing confirmed their identity with previously published receptor subtypes. PGE2 and the EP1 agonist 17-phenyl trinor PGE2 but not the EP3 agonist sulprostone elicited reversible intracellular [Ca2+] increases in microglia as measured by fura-2. PGE2 and the EP2/EP4-specific agonists 11-deoxy-PGE1 and 19-hydroxy-PGE2 but not the EP4-selective agonist 1-hydroxy-PGE1 induced dose-dependent production of cyclic AMP (cAMP). Interleukin (IL)-1beta production, a marker of activated microglia, was also measured following lipopolysaccharide exposure in the presence or absence of the receptor subtype agonists. PGE2 and the EP2 agonists reduced IL-1beta production. IL-1beta production was unchanged by EP1, EP3, and EP4 agonists. The adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin and the cAMP analogue dibutyryl cAMP also reduced IL-1beta production. Thus, the inhibitory effects of PGE2 on microglia are mediated by the EP2 receptor subtype, and the signaling mechanism of this effect is likely via cAMP. These results show that the effects of PGE2 on microglia are receptor subtype-specific. Furthermore, they suggest that specific and selective manipulation of the effects of PGs on microglia and, as a result, brain function may be possible.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.