ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy1999
Amphotericin B and fluconazole affect cellular charge, macrophage phagocytosis, and cellular morphology of Cryptococcus neoformans at subinhibitory concentrations.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anticryptococcal Evaluation of the Allylimine 3H2: Modulation of Virulence Traits and Synergistic Action with Amphotericin B.ACS omega · 2026Article
- A review of the current anti-New microbes and new infections · 2026Review
- Cryptococcal Meningitis Treatment Beyond HIV: Recognizing the Need for Individualized Immune-Based Strategies.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of Glucuronoxylomannogalactan and Glucuronoxylomannan Antibody Responses and Their Associations With Cryptococcal Disease Status in People With HIV.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Palmitoylethanolamide shows limited efficacy in controlling cerebral cryptococcosisAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2023Article
- Synergistic antifungal interaction ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Hidden in plain sight: urinary Cryptococcus neoformans missed by routine diagnostics in a patient with acute leukemia.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2022Article
- Bet-hedging antimicrobial strategies in macrophage phagosome acidification drive the dynamics of Cryptococcus neoformans intracellular escape mechanisms.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Antifungal activity of liriodenine on clinical strains ofThe journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2022Article
- The Environmental Effects on Virulence Factors and the Antifungal Susceptibility ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Antifungal Combination of Ethyl Acetate Extract ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Lactoferrin Is Broadly Active against Yeasts and Highly Synergistic with Amphotericin B.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2020Article
- Delineating the Biofilm Inhibition Mechanisms of Phenolic and Aldehydic Terpenes againstACS omega · 2019Article
- Association Between Plasma Antibody Responses and Risk for Cryptococcus-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Evaluation ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Environmental Triazole Induces Cross-Resistance to Clinical Drugs and Affects Morphophysiology and Virulence of Cryptococcus gattii and C. neoformans.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Article
- Influenza A Virus as a Predisposing Factor for Cryptococcosis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Article
- Eugenol Induces Phenotypic Alterations and Increases the Oxidative Burst inFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Impact of Resistance to Fluconazole on Virulence and Morphological Aspects of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii Isolates.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
- Heteroresistance to Itraconazole Alters the Morphology and Increases the Virulence of Cryptococcus gattii.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB) and fluconazole (FLU) are the major antifungal drugs used in the treatment of cryptococcosis. Both drugs are believed to exert their antifungal effects through actions on cell membrane sterols. In this study we investigated whether AmB and FLU had other, more subtle effects on C. neoformans that could contribute to their therapeutic efficacy. C. neoformans cells were grown in media with subinhibitory concentrations of either AmB or FLU and analyzed for cellular charge, phagocytosis by macrophages with antibody and complement opsonins, appearance by scanning electron and light microscopies, and release of the capsular polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan into the culture medium. Growth in the presence of either AmB or FLU resulted in major reductions in cellular charge, as measured by determination of the zeta potential. Phagocytosis studies demonstrated that exposure of C. neoformans to subinhibitory concentrations of AmB or FLU enhanced phagocytosis by macrophages. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that a large proportion of cells had an altered capsular appearance. Cells grown in medium with either AmB or FLU were smaller and released more glucuronoxylomannan into the culture medium than cells grown without antibiotics. The results suggest additional mechanisms of action for AmB and FLU that may be operative in body compartments where drug levels do not achieve the MICs. Furthermore, the results suggest mechanisms by which AmB and FLU can cooperate with humoral and cellular immune defense systems in controlling C. neoformans infections.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.