Evidence map›Paper›PMID 9924052›Full record

Trial reportBMJ (Clinical research ed.)1999

Nicotine nasal spray with nicotine patch for smoking cessation: randomised trial with six year follow up.

T Blondal, L J Gudmundsson, I Olafsdottir, G Gustavsson, A Westin

Erratum issuedAbstract readClinical TrialRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 52 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
52citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

52 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Guideline
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  3. Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021
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  10. Time-varying processes involved in smoking lapse in a randomized trial of smoking cessation therapies.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2014
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

T BlondalReykjavik Health Care Centre, Baronstigur 47, 101 Reykjavik and National University Hospital, Iceland. blondal@hr.is
L J Gudmundsson
I Olafsdottir
G Gustavsson
A Westin

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of using a nicotine patch for 5 months with a nicotine nasal spray for 1 year.

designPlacebo controlled, double blind trial.

settingReykjavik health centre. SUBJECTS: 237 smokers aged 22-66 years living in or around Reykjavik.

interventionsNicotine patch for 5 months with nicotine nasal spray for 1 year (n=118) or nicotine patch with placebo spray (n=119). Treatment with patches included 15 mg of nicotine for 3 months, 10 mg for the fourth month, and 5 mg for the fifth month, whereas nicotine in the nasal spray was available for up to 1 year. Both groups received supportive treatment.

main outcome measureSustained abstinence from smoking.

resultsSustained abstinence rates for the patch and nasal spray group and patch only group were 51% v 35% after 6 weeks (odds ratio 1.97, 95% confidence interval 1.17% to 3.32; P=0.011(chi2), 37% v 25% after 3 months (1.76, 1.01 to 3.08; P=0.045), 31% v 16% after 6 months (2.40, 1.27 to 4.50; P=0.005), 27% v 11% after 12 months (3.03, 1.50 to 6.14; P=0.001), and 16% v 9% after 6 years (2.09, 0.93 to 4.72; P=0.08) [corrected].

conclusionsShort and long term abstinence rates show that the combination of using a nicotine patch for 5 months with a nicotine nasal spray for 1 year is a more effective method of stopping smoking than using a patch only. The low percentage of participants using the nasal spray at 1 year, and the few relapses during the second year, suggest that it is not cost effective to use a nasal spray for longer than 7 months after stopping a patch.

Indexed as

Administration, CutaneousAdministration, IntranasalAdultAgedDouble-Blind MethodFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedNicotineNicotinic AgonistsSmoking CessationTreatment OutcomeNicotineNicotinic Agonists

Identifiers

PMID9924052
PMCPMC27708

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.