ArticleInfection and immunity1999
Characterization of a WaaF (RfaF) homolog expressed by Haemophilus ducreyi.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toad's survivability and soil microbiome alterations impacted via individual abundance.Biologia futura · 2025Article
- Identification of genes involved in the expression of atypical lipooligosaccharide structures from a second class of Haemophilus ducreyi.Infection and immunity · 2007Article
- Haemophilus ducreyi Outer membrane determinants, including DsrA, define two clonal populations.Infection and immunity · 2005Article
- A deep-rough mutant of Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 is noninvasive for intestinal epithelial cells.Infection and immunity · 2004Article
- Development of a rapid immunodiagnostic test for Haemophilus ducreyi.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2002Article
- Characterization of the Campylobacter jejuni heptosyltransferase II gene, waaF, provides genetic evidence that extracellular polysaccharide is lipid A core independent.Journal of bacteriology · 2002Article
- Immunopathogenesis of Haemophilus ducreyi infection (chancroid).Infection and immunity · 2002Review
- Haemophilus ducreyi lipooligosaccharide mutant defective in expression of beta-1,4-glucosyltransferase is virulent in humans.Infection and immunity · 2001Article
- Construction and characterization of Haemophilus ducreyi lipooligosaccharide (LOS) mutants defective in expression of heptosyltransferase III and beta1,4-glucosyltransferase: identification of LOS glycoforms containing lactosamine repeats.Infection and immunity · 2000Article
- Expression of sialylated or paragloboside-like lipooligosaccharides are not required for pustule formation by Haemophilus ducreyi in human volunteers.Infection and immunity · 1999Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Haemophilus ducreyi lipooligosaccharide (LOS) is capable of inducing an inflammatory response in skin (A. A. Campagnari, L. M. Wild, G. Griffiths, R. J. Karalus, M. A. Wirth, and S. M. Spinola, Infect. Immun. 59:2601-2608, 1991) and likely contributes to the virulence of this sexually transmitted pathogen (B. A. Bauer, M. K. Stevens, and E. J. Hansen, Infect. Immun. 68:4290-4298, 1998). An open reading frame in H. ducreyi 35000 was found to encode a predicted protein that was 59% identical to the protein product of the rfaF (waaF) gene of Salmonella typhimurium. The H. ducreyi waaF gene was able to complement an S. typhimurium rfaF (waaF) mutant, a result which confirmed the identity of this gene. In contrast to the rfaF (waaF) gene of enteric bacteria, the H. ducreyi waaF gene was not located adjacent to other genes involved in lipopolysaccharide expression. Inactivation of the H. ducreyi waaF gene by insertion mutagenesis resulted in expression of a LOS that migrated much faster than wild-type LOS in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The LOS of this mutant also did not bind a monoclonal antibody directed against a cell surface-exposed epitope of wild-type H. ducreyi LOS. Testing of the wild-type H. ducreyi strain and its isogenic waaF mutant in the temperature-dependent rabbit model for dermal lesion production by H. ducreyi revealed that this waaF mutant was less virulent than the wild-type parent strain. Complementation of the H. ducreyi waaF mutant with the wild-type H. ducreyi waaF gene resulted in expression of both wild-type LOS and wild-type virulence by this mutant.
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