ArticleInfection and immunity1999
Effectiveness of a vaccine composed of heat-killed Candida albicans and a novel mucosal adjuvant, LT(R192G), against systemic candidiasis.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Comprehensive Overview ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Advancing Vaccine Strategies againstVaccines · 2023Review
- Antibodies to Combat Fungal Infections: Development Strategies and Progress.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Application of anti-fungal vaccines as a tool against emerging anti-fungal resistance.Frontiers in fungal biology · 2023Review
- Vaccines against candidiasis: Status, challenges and emerging opportunity.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- A Combination of Polybacterial MV140 andFrontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Evaluation of vaccine potential of 2-Cys peroxiredoxin from the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis.Experimental & applied acarology · 2018Article
- Comprehensive analysis of contributions from protein conformational stability and major histocompatibility complex class II-peptide binding affinity to CD4+ epitope immunogenicity in HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- Article
- Article
- Protection against aerosolized Yersinia pestis challenge following homologous and heterologous prime-boost with recombinant plague antigens.Infection and immunity · 2005Article
- Vaccination with recombinant N-terminal domain of Als1p improves survival during murine disseminated candidiasis by enhancing cell-mediated, not humoral, immunity.Infection and immunity · 2005Article
- Amyloid-beta immunization in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mouse models and wildtype mice.Neurochemical research · 2003Review
- Interplay between protective and inhibitory antibodies dictates the outcome of experimentally disseminated Candidiasis in recipients of a Candida albicans vaccine.Infection and immunity · 2002Article
- Intravaginal and intranasal immunizations are equally effective in inducing vaginal antibodies and conferring protection against vaginal candidiasis.Infection and immunity · 2002Article
- Facilitated intranasal induction of mucosal and systemic immunity to mutans streptococcal glucosyltransferase peptide vaccines.Infection and immunity · 2001Article
- Human papillomavirus virus-like particles are efficient oral immunogens when coadministered with Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin mutant R192G or CpG DNA.Journal of virology · 2001Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The incidence of fungal infections caused by the opportunistic yeast Candida albicans has increased significantly in recent years. The ability to vaccinate selected patients against the organism would be advantageous. In this paper we describe a potential anti-C. albicans vaccine consisting of heat-killed C. albicans (HK-CA) in combination with the novel mucosal adjuvant LT(R192G), a genetically detoxified form of the heat-labile toxin of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Groups of male CBA/J mice were immunized intranasally on three occasions at weekly intervals with 2 x 10(7) HK-CA per dose, alone or in conjunction with 10 micrograms of LT(R192G) per dose. Two weeks following the last application of antigen, some animals were challenged intravenously (i.v.) with 10(4), 10(5), or 10(6) viable C. albicans to assess protection as measured by survival and/or culture. Some groups of animals were footpad tested with C. albicans mannan to assess delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), and all the animals were bled for antibody assays. In two independent studies, all the animals immunized with HK-CA plus LT(R192G) were able to eradicate 10(4) C. albicans completely, as determined by kidney culture 4 weeks after challenge. Animals immunized with HK-CA only had reduced levels of C. albicans compared to the adjuvant or saline-only control. Greatly enhanced survival was observed when mice immunized with HK-CA plus LT(R192G) were challenged with 10(5) live C. albicans as well. Animals immunized with HK-CA plus LT(R192G) developed a significant DH response, while those given HK-CA alone developed only marginal DH responses. High immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels to cytoplasmic antigens developed in mice immunized with HK-CA plus LT(R192G), but they were found only after i.v. challenge. Addition of adjuvant shifted the antibody isotype production in i.v.-challenged animals to a response dominated by IgG2a. Clearly, intranasal immunization with killed C. albicans in conjunction with LT(R192G) afforded significant levels of protection. This novel approach offers new possibilities for the development of an effective vaccine against candidiasis for use in humans.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.