ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1999
Isolation and expression of a Pax-6 gene in the regenerating and intact Planarian Dugesia(G)tigrina.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- DuplicatedBiology · 2025Article
- miR-8b is involved in brain and eye regeneration of Dugesia japonica in head regeneration.Biology open · 2021Article
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- Article
- The Pax gene family: Highlights from cephalopods.PloS one · 2017Article
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- Regeneration of the elbow joint in the developing chick embryo recapitulates development.Developmental biology · 2012Article
- Morphological and molecular development of the eyes during embryogenesis of the freshwater planarian Schmidtea polychroa.Development genes and evolution · 2012Article
- Sea urchin tube feet are photosensory organs that express a rhabdomeric-like opsin and PAX6.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2011Article
- Expression analysis of Djsix-1 gene during regeneration of planarian eyespots.Molecular biology reports · 2011Article
- Eye evolution: common use and independent recruitment of genetic components.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2009Review
- Conserved and novel gene expression between regeneration and asexual fission in Nematostella vectensis.Development genes and evolution · 2009Article
- Subfunctionalization of duplicated zebrafish pax6 genes by cis-regulatory divergence.PLoS genetics · 2008Article
- Dicyema Pax6 and Zic: tool-kit genes in a highly simplified bilaterian.BMC evolutionary biology · 2007Article
- The Eye Specification Network in Drosophila.Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy. Part B, Biological sciences · 2004Article
- Transgenic planarian lines obtained by electroporation using transposon-derived vectors and an eye-specific GFP marker.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2003Article
- Conservation of Pax 6 function and upstream activation by Notch signaling in eye development of frogs and flies.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2002Article
- Reconstructing the eyes of Urbilateria.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2001Review
- Regulatory evolution and the origin of the bilaterians.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2000Review
- Searching for the prototypic eye genetic network: Sine oculis is essential for eye regeneration in planarians.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2000Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Pax-6 gene encodes a transcription factor containing both a paired and a homeodomain and is highly conserved among Metazoa. In both vertebrates and invertebrates, Pax-6 is required for eye morphogenesis, development of parts of the central nervous system, and, in some phyla, for the development of olfactory sense organs. Ectopic expression of Pax-6 from insects, mammals, cephalopods, and ascidians induces ectopic eyes in Drosophila, suggesting that Pax-6 may be a universal master control gene for eye morphogenesis. Platyhelminthes are an ancient phylum, originating from the base of spiralian protostomes, that bear primitive eyes, consisting of a group of rhabdomeric photoreceptor cells enclosed in a cup of pigment cells. The analysis of Pax-6 and its expression pattern should provide insights into the ancestral function of Pax-6 in eye morphogenesis. We have identified the Pax-6 gene of the planarian Dugesia(G)tigrina (Platyhelminthes; Turbellaria; Tricladida). This gene shares significant sequence identity and conserved genomic organization with Pax-6 proteins from other phyla. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that it clusters with the other Pax-6 genes, but in the most basal position. DtPax-6 is expressed as a single transcript in both regenerating and fully grown eyes, and electron microscopy studies show strong expression in the perykarion of both photoreceptor and pigment cells. Very low levels of expression also are detectable in other body regions. Because a bona fide Pax-6 homolog so far has not been detected in diploblastic animals, we speculate that Pax-6 may be typical for triploblasts and that the appearance of additional Pax genes may have coincided with increasingly complex body plans.
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