ArticleThe EMBO journal1999
Regulation of IL-4 expression by the transcription factor JunB during T helper cell differentiation.
Article in The EMBO journal, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 163 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
163 citing papers in PubMed, 363 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maf expression in human macrophages and lymph node sinus macrophages in patients with esophageal cancer.Journal of clinical and experimental hematopathology : JCEH · 2019Trial
- The role of mTORC2/RICTOR in immune cells and inflammatory diseases.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- AP1 Transcription Factor in the Regulation of the Urokinase Plasminogen Activation System.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Identification of SNPs in the second intron ofAnimal biotechnology · 2025Article
- JUNB and JUND in Urological Cancers: A Literature Review.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- The Role of Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS) in Asthma Pathology.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2025Review
- IKZF1 and UBR4 gene variants drive autoimmunity and Th2 polarization in IgG4-related disease.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- Article
- Cytokines in Follicular Helper T Cell Biology in Physiologic and Pathologic Conditions.Immune network · 2024Review
- Affective reactivity to daily stressors and immune cell gene expression in the MIDUS study.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2024Article
- Transcription Factor JunB Suppresses Hepatitis C Virus Replication.The Kobe journal of medical sciences · 2023Article
- Neuroprotective protein ADNP-dependent histone remodeling complex promotes T helper 2 immune cell differentiation.Immunity · 2023Article
- A bifurcated role for c-Maf in Th2 and Tfh2 cells during helminth infection.Mucosal immunology · 2023Article
- JunB: a paradigm for Jun family in immune response and cancer.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- The potential of activator protein 1 (AP-1) in cancer targeted therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Modulation of Host-Parasite Interactions with Small Molecules TargetingACS infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Microbiological Characteristics and Pathogenesis ofVeterinary sciences · 2022Article
- Schnurri 3 promotes Th2 cytokine production during the late phase of T-cell antigen stimulation.European journal of immunology · 2022Article
- Gene-selective transcription promotes the inhibition of tissue reparative macrophages by TNF.Life science alliance · 2022Article
- Recycling and Reshaping-E3 Ligases and DUBs in the Initiation of T Cell Receptor-Mediated Signaling and Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
103 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The molecular basis for restricted cytokine expression by T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2) cells is unclear. Previous studies found that P1, an element of the interleukin 4 (IL-4) promoter that binds AP-1, is important for Th2-restricted IL-4 expression. Here we show that JunB, but not the other Jun family members, was selectively induced in Th2 cells and not in Th1 cells during differentiation. JunB has previously been considered to be a negative regulator of transcription. However, we show that JunB binds directly to the P1 site and synergizes with c-Maf to activate an IL-4 luciferase reporter gene. JunB-control of IL-4 expression is mediated by the phosphorylation of JunB at Thr102 and -104 by JNK MAP kinase. The synergy between c-Maf and JunB can be attributed to cooperative DNA binding, which is facilitated by JunB phosphorylation. In transgenic mice, elevated JunB levels caused increased expression of several Th2 cytokines in developing Th1 cells. JunB also upregulated IL-4 expression in response to immunization. Thus, the early increase of JunB protein in Th2 cells can provide the specificity for c-Maf in IL-4 expression during T cell development and directs thereby Th2 differentiation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.