ArticleBritish journal of cancer1999
Role of zinc and alpha2 macroglobulin on thymic endocrine activity and on peripheral immune efficiency (natural killer activity and interleukin 2) in cervical carcinoma.
Article in British journal of cancer, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proteomic investigation and biomarker identification of lung and spleen deficiency syndrome in HIV/AIDS immunological nonresponders.Journal of thoracic disease · 2023Article
- Human papillomavirus infection, cervical cancer and the less explored role of trace elements.Biological trace element research · 2023Review
- Tumor-primed NK cells: waiting for the green light.Frontiers in immunology · 2013Review
- Evaluation of host quality of life and immune function in breast cancer patients treated with combination of adjuvant chemotherapy and oral administration of Lentinula edodes mycelia extract.OncoTargets and therapy · 2013Article
- Zinc: a promising agent in dietary chemoprevention of cancer.The Indian journal of medical research · 2010Review
- Zinc, infections and immunosenescence.Mechanisms of ageing and development · 2000Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Decreased natural killer (NK) activity as well as interleukin 2 (IL-2) are risk factors for the progression of cervical carcinoma. NK activity and IL-2 may be thymus controlled. Plasma levels of active thymulin, a zinc-dependent thymic hormone (ZnFTS), are reduced in cancer because of the low peripheral zinc bioavailability. Zinc and thymulin are relevant for normal immune functions. Alpha2-macroglobulin is an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) against invasive tumour proliferation. Because alpha2-macroglobulin has a binding affinity (Kd) for zinc that is higher than does thymulin, it may play a key role in immune efficiency in cancer. Plasma samples of 22 patients (age range 35-60 years) with locally advanced squamous cervical carcinoma and with FIGO stage Ib2-IIb were examined. They showed reduced active thymulin, decreased NK activity and IL-2 production, increased soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and augmented alpha2-macroglobulin in the circulation, whereas plasma zinc levels were within the normal range for age. Significant positive correlations were found between zinc or active thymulin and alpha2-macroglobulin (r = 0.75, P < 0.01, r = 0.78, P < 0.01, respectively) in cancer patients. In vitro zinc increases IL-2 production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of cancer patients. These data suggest that an increase in alpha2-macroglobulin, which competes with thymulin for zinc binding, may be involved in causing a thymulin deficit with a consequent decrease of IL-2 and NK cytotoxicity. Thus, physiological zinc treatment in cervical carcinoma maybe restores impaired central and peripheral immune efficiency.
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