Evidence map›Paper›PMID 9887097›Full record

ArticleGenes & development1999

Cytosine methylation and mammalian development.

C P Walsh, T H Bestor

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genes & development, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 131 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
131citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

131 citing papers in PubMed, 386 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Epigenetic regulation of transgenes.Journal of biotechnology · 2026
    Review
  2. Review
  3. The Molecular Impacts of Retrotransposons in Development and Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Review
  4. Review
  5. EZH2 restrictsFrontiers in immunology · 2022
    Article
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  7. Article
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  9. Article
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  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
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  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Notes on the role of dynamic DNA methylation in mammalian development.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2015
    Review
  20. Review

71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

C P WalshDepartment of Genetics and Development, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.
T H Bestor
Columbia University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Programmed methylation and demethylation of regulatory sequences has been proposed to play a central role in vertebrate development. We report here that the methylation status of the 5' regions of a panel of tissue-specific genes could not be correlated with expression in tissues of fetal and newborn mice. Genes reported to be regulated by reversible methylation were not expressed ectopically or precociously in Dnmt1-deficient mouse embryos under conditions where demethylation caused biallelic expression of imprinted genes and activated transcription of endogenous retroviruses of the IAP class. These and other data suggest that the numerous published expression-methylation correlations may have described not a cause but a consequence of transcriptional activation. A model is proposed under which cytosine methylation represents a biochemical specialization of large genomes that participates in specialized biological functions such as allele-specific gene expression and the heritable transcriptional silencing of parasitic sequence elements, whereas cellular differentiation is controlled by conserved regulatory networks that do not depend on covalent modification of the genome.

Indexed as

DNA MethylationAllelesAnimalsCpG IslandsCytosineDNA (Cytosine-5-)-MethyltransferasesEmbryo, MammalianGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalMammalsMicePromoter Regions, GeneticRegulatory Sequences, Nucleic AcidRNA, MessengerTranscriptional ActivationCytosineDNA (Cytosine-5-)-MethyltransferasesRNA, Messenger

Identifiers

PMID9887097
PMCPMC316374
OpenAlexW2159728415

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.