ArticleThe EMBO journal1999
Structural basis for the recognition of superantigen streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SpeA1) by MHC class II molecules and T-cell receptors.
Article in The EMBO journal, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global spread of Streptococcus pyogenes A genomics-supported narrative review.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Two homologous sequences of Grp78 and HSP70 represent tumor antigens shared with streptococcal superantigens in eliciting an antitumor immune response: an immunoinformatic investigation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Identification of a Thiol-Disulfide Oxidoreductase (SdbA) Catalyzing Disulfide Bond Formation in the Superantigen SpeA in Streptococcus pyogenes.Journal of bacteriology · 2021Article
- Are superantigens the cause of cytokine storm and viral sepsis in severe COVID-19? Observations and hypothesis.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2020Article
- Elevated risk of invasive group A streptococcal disease and host genetic variation in the human leucocyte antigen locus.Genes and immunity · 2020Article
- Disease manifestations and pathogenic mechanisms of Group A Streptococcus.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2014Review
- Review
- Staphylococcal and streptococcal superantigen exotoxins.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2013Review
- Gram-positive bacterial superantigen outside-in signaling causes toxic shock syndrome.The FEBS journal · 2011Review
- Crystal structure of staphylococcal enterotoxin G (SEG) in complex with a mouse T-cell receptor {beta} chain.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2011Article
- Mutagenesis, biochemical, and biophysical characterization of Mycoplasma arthritidis-derived mitogen.Molecular immunology · 2007Article
- Crystal structure of a dimeric form of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SpeA1).Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2004Article
- Comparative molecular analysis of community- or hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2003Article
- Structural features of a zinc binding site in the superantigen strepococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SpeA1): implications for MHC class II recognition.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2001Article
- Pyrogenicity and cytokine-inducing properties of Streptococcus pyogenes superantigens: comparative study of streptococcal mitogenic exotoxin Z and pyrogenic exotoxin A.Infection and immunity · 2001Article
- Group A Streptococcus: allelic variation, population genetics, and host-pathogen interactions.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2001Review
- Biochemical and biological properties of Staphylococcal enterotoxin K.Infection and immunity · 2001Article
- Structure of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A reveals a novel metal cluster.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2000Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SpeA) is a superantigen produced by Streptococcus pyogenes and is associated with severe infections characterized by rash, hypotension, multiorgan failure and a high mortality rate. In this study, an allelic form of this toxin, SpeA1, was crystallized with four molecules in the crystallographic asymmetric unit and its crystal structure was determined at 2.6 A resolution. The crystallographic R-factor was 19.4% (33 497 reflections) for 7031 protein atoms and 88 water molecules. The overall structure of SpeA1 is considerably similar to that of other prototype microbial superantigens, either of staphylococcal or streptococcal origin, but has greatest similarity to staphylococcal enterotoxin C (SEC). Based on structural and mutagenesis data, we have mapped several important residues on the toxin molecule, which are involved in the recognition of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and T-cell receptors. Also, the toxin appears to possess a potential zinc-binding site which may have implications in binding to particular MHC class II molecules. Finally, we propose models for SpeA1-MHC class II and SpeA1-T-cell receptor association and the relevance of this phenomenon to the superantigenic action of this toxin is considered.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.