ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine1999
Identification and characterization of novel superantigens from Streptococcus pyogenes.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 1999. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 195 citations in OpenAlex.
- A superantigen-based MHC class II-targeted cancer immunotherapy for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.Blood cancer journal · 2025Article
- The burden of group AiScience · 2025Review
- Role of Superantigens in Various Childhood Inflammatory Diseases.Infectious disorders drug targets · 2022Article
- Temperate Bacteriophages-The Powerful Indirect Modulators of Eukaryotic Cells and Immune Functions.Viruses · 2021Review
- Prophage exotoxins enhance colonization fitness in epidemic scarlet fever-causing Streptococcus pyogenes.Nature communications · 2020Article
- Streptococcal superantigen-induced expansion of human tonsil T cells leads to altered T follicular helper cell phenotype, B cell death and reduced immunoglobulin release.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2019Article
- The Bacteriophages ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2019Review
- Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Superantigens Trigger B7/CD28 Costimulatory Receptor Engagement to Hyperinduce Inflammatory Cytokines.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- A potential role for staphylococcal and streptococcal superantigens in driving skewing of TCR Vβ subsets in tonsillar hyperplasia.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2017Article
- Superantigens hyperinduce inflammatory cytokines by enhancing the B7-2/CD28 costimulatory receptor interaction.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016Article
- The fruRBA Operon Is Necessary for Group A Streptococcal Growth in Fructose and for Resistance to Neutrophil Killing during Growth in Whole Human Blood.Infection and immunity · 2016Article
- Targeted Curing of All Lysogenic Bacteriophage from Streptococcus pyogenes Using a Novel Counter-selection Technique.PloS one · 2016Article
- Bacterial superantigens promote acute nasopharyngeal infection by Streptococcus pyogenes in a human MHC Class II-dependent manner.PLoS pathogens · 2014Article
- Transcriptional regulation of a bacteriophage encoded extracellular DNase (Spd-3) by Rgg in Streptococcus pyogenes.PloS one · 2013Article
- Vaccination against rheumatic heart disease: a review of current research strategies and challenges.Current infectious disease reports · 2012Article
- Antigen targeting to major histocompatibility complex class II with streptococcal mitogenic exotoxin Z-2 M1, a superantigen-based vaccine carrier.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2012Article
- Superantigen profiles of emm and emm-like typeable and nontypeable pharyngeal streptococcal isolates of South India.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2012Article
- Superantigenic activity of emm3 Streptococcus pyogenes is abrogated by a conserved, naturally occurring smeZ mutation.PloS one · 2012Article
- Gram-positive bacterial superantigen outside-in signaling causes toxic shock syndrome.The FEBS journal · 2011Review
- Binding of superantigen toxins into the CD28 homodimer interface is essential for induction of cytokine genes that mediate lethal shock.PLoS biology · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Three novel streptococcal superantigen genes (spe-g, spe-h, and spe-j) were identified from the Streptococcus pyogenes M1 genomic database at the University of Oklahoma. A fourth novel gene (smez-2) was isolated from the S. pyogenes strain 2035, based on sequence homology to the streptococcal mitogenic exotoxin z (smez) gene. SMEZ-2, SPE-G, and SPE-J are most closely related to SMEZ and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (SPE)-C, whereas SPE-H is most similar to the staphylococcal toxins than to any other streptococcal toxin. Recombinant (r)SMEZ, rSMEZ-2, rSPE-G, and rSPE-H were mitogenic for human peripheral blood lymphocytes with half-maximal responses between 0.02 and 50 pg/ml (rSMEZ-2 and rSPE-H, respectively). SMEZ-2 is the most potent superantigen (SAg) discovered thus far. All toxins, except rSPE-G, were active on murine T cells, but with reduced potency. Binding to a human B-lymphoblastoid line was shown to be zinc dependent with high binding affinity of 15-65 nM. Evidence from modeled protein structures and competitive binding experiments suggest that high affinity binding of each toxin is to the major histocompatibility complex class II beta chain. Competition for binding between toxins was varied and revealed overlapping but discrete binding to subsets of class II molecules in the hierarchical order (SMEZ, SPE-C) > SMEZ-2 > SPE-H > SPE-G. The most common targets for the novel SAgs were human Vbeta2.1- and Vbeta4-expressing T cells. This might reflect a specific role for this subset of Vbetas in the immune defense of gram-positive bacteria.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.