ArticleJournal of clinical laboratory analysis1998
Reference distributions for immunoglobulins A, G, and M: a practical, simple, and clinically relevant approach in a large cohort.
Article in Journal of clinical laboratory analysis, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reference distributions for apolipoproteins AI and B and B/AI ratios: comparison of a large cohort to the world's literature.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2006Pooled it
- Reference distributions for complement proteins C3 and C4: a comparison of a large cohort to the world's literature.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2004Pooled it
- Reference distributions for the positive acute phase proteins, alpha1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid), alpha1-antitrypsin, and haptoglobin: a comparison of a large cohort to the world's literature.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2000Pooled it
- Reference distributions for the negative acute-phase proteins, albumin, transferrin, and transthyretin: a comparison of a large cohort to the world's literature.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 1999Pooled it
- Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders: A perspective from New Zealand.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Immunologic, Molecular, and Clinical Profile of Patients with Chromosome 22q11.2 Duplications.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Article
- Serum ferritin levels are associated with advanced liver fibrosis in treatment-naive autoimmune hepatitis.BMC gastroenterology · 2022Article
- Comparison of Diagnostic Criteria for Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders (CVID) in the New Zealand CVID Cohort Study.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2021Article
- State-of-the-art diagnostic evaluation of common variable immunodeficiency.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2021Review
- Rituximab Associated Hypogammaglobulinemia in Autoimmune Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- All Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders (CVID) Should Be Routinely Offered Diagnostic Genetic Testing.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Comparison of diagnostic criteria for common variable immunodeficiency disorder.Frontiers in immunology · 2014Review
- New diagnostic criteria for common variable immune deficiency (CVID), which may assist with decisions to treat with intravenous or subcutaneous immunoglobulin.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2013Review
- Serum biomarker gMS-Classifier2: predicting conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis.PloS one · 2013Article
- Reference Intervals for Serum Immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM and Complements C3 and C4 in Iranian Healthy Children.Iranian journal of public health · 2012Article
- New insights into the enigma of immunoglobulin D.Immunological reviews · 2010Review
- Evaluation of serum immunoglobulins among individuals living near six Superfund sites.Environmental health perspectives · 2006Article
- Reference distributions for apolipoproteins AI and B and the apolipoprotein B/AI ratios: a practical and clinically relevant approach in a large cohort.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2006Article
- Cryptococcus neoformans-reactive and total immunoglobulin profiles of human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected Ugandans.Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology · 2005Article
- Reference distributions for alpha2-macroglobulin: a practical, simple and clinically relevant approach in a large cohort.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2004Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Serum immunoglobulins are measured millions of times each year, yet clinical interpretations remain hampered by inadequate age- and gender-specific reference limits. In order to provide more reliable and comprehensive reference distributions for IgA, IgG, and IgM measurements, we analyzed automated immunoassay values from 115,017 serum samples from northern New England patients (99% Caucasian) who were tested in our laboratory between 1986 and 1995. Measurements were standardized to reference material, CRM 470 (RPPHS). A simple, practical, and clinically relevant approach was used to determine reference distributions for the immunoglobulins over a wide range of ages for males and females. Levels of IgA and IgM varied considerably by age, and by gender for IgM. For each of the analytes, the observed 5th and 95th centiles were symmetric about the median and approximately constant over the entire age range. When immunoglobulin reference values are expressed as multiples of the age- and gender-specific regressed medians, the resulting distributions fit a log-Gaussian distribution well. This finding enables interpretation of serum immunoglobulin measurements using a common unit (multiples of the median) that is independent of age or gender. Insights gained from this study can help improve and simplify the interpretation of immunoglobulin measurements.
Indexed as
Identifiers
9850188PMC6808031W2061584437What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.