ArticleAmerican journal of human genetics1998
Association and linkage of the dopamine transporter gene and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: heterogeneity owing to diagnostic subtype and severity.
Article in American journal of human genetics, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02167048 (Effects of Low-dose Versus Normal-dose Psychostimulants on Executive Functions in Individuals With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), which is not on this map. Cited by 116 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Low-dose Versus Normal-dose Psychostimulants on Executive Functions in Individuals With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Who cites it
116 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 462 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association study and a systematic meta-analysis of the VNTR polymorphism in the 3'-UTR of dopamine transporter gene and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2019Pooled it
- The prevalence of psychopathology in siblings of children with mental health problems: a 20-year systematic review.Child psychiatry and human development · 2015Pooled it
- Candidate gene studies of ADHD: a meta-analytic review.Human genetics · 2009Pooled it
- Dopamine, norepinephrine, and the management of sensorimotor bindings: individual differences in updating of stimulus-response episodes are predicted by DAT1, but not DBH5'-ins/del.Experimental brain research · 2013Trial
- Polymorphisms in dopamine transporter (SLC6A3) are associated with stimulant effects of D-amphetamine: an exploratory pharmacogenetic study using healthy volunteers.Behavior genetics · 2010Trial
- Sequence variations of ABCB1, SLC6A2, SLC6A3, SLC6A4, CREB1, CRHR1 and NTRK2: association with major depression and antidepressant response in Mexican-Americans.Molecular psychiatry · 2009Trial
- Identification of additional variants within the human dopamine transporter gene provides further evidence for an association with bipolar disorder in two independent samples.Molecular psychiatry · 2006Trial
- A dopamine transporter mutation associated with bipolar affective disorder causes inhibition of transporter cell surface expression.Molecular psychiatry · 2005Trial
- Human Midbrain Organoids Enriched With Dopaminergic Neurons for Long-Term Functional Evaluation.Cell proliferation · 2025Article
- Associations among externalizing psychopathology, personality, and behavioral traits: Models of an externalizing spectrum in youth.Personality disorders · 2025Article
- Unlocking the Potential of High-Quality Dopamine Transporter Pharmacological Data: Advancing Robust Machine Learning-Based QSAR Modeling.Advances in neurobiology · 2025Review
- Cryo-EM structure of the dopamine transporter with a novel atypical non-competitive inhibitor bound to the orthosteric site.Journal of neurochemistry · 2024Article
- Article
- A broad internalizing dimension accounts for the genetic associations between personality and individual internalizing disorders.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2022Article
- Effects of the dopamine transporter gene on neuroimaging findings in different attention deficit hyperactivity disorder presentations.Brain imaging and behavior · 2021Article
- Differential structure-function network coupling in the inattentive and combined types of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.PloS one · 2021Article
- Construct validity of youth psychopathic traits as assessed by the Antisocial Process Screening Device.Psychological assessment · 2020Article
- DAT1 Gene Methylation as an Epigenetic Biomarker in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Commentary.Frontiers in genetics · 2020Article
- Substrate-induced conformational dynamics of the dopamine transporter.Nature communications · 2019Article
- Genetic associations between ADHD and dopaminergic genes (DAT1 and DRD4) VNTRs in Korean children.Genes & genomics · 2018Article
56 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects approximately 3%-5% of children in the United States. In the current psychiatric nomenclature, ADHD comprises three subtypes: inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, and combined. In this study, we used four analytic strategies to examine the association and linkage of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) and ADHD. Our sample included 122 children referred to psychiatric clinics for behavioral and learning problems that included but were not limited to ADHD, as well as their parents and siblings. Within-family analyses of linkage disequilibrium, using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT), confirmed the 480-bp allele as the high-risk allele. In between-family association analyses, levels of hyperactive-impulsive symptoms but not inattentive symptoms were related to the number of DAT1 high-risk alleles. Siblings discordant for the number of DAT1 high-risk alleles differed markedly in their levels of both hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive symptoms, such that the sibling with the higher number of high-risk alleles had much higher symptom levels. Within-family analyses of linkage disequilibrium, using the TDT, suggested association and linkage of ADHD with DAT1 and that this relation was especially strong with the combined but not the inattentive subtype. The relation of DAT1 to ADHD increased monotonically, from low to medium to high levels of symptom severity. Our results replicate and extend previous findings of the association between the DAT1 gene and childhood ADHD. This represents one of the first replicated relations of a candidate gene and a psychiatric disorder in children.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.