ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology1998
AbiQ, an abortive infection mechanism from Lactococcus lactis.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anti-phage defense systems in bacteria: molecular mechanisms and their role in shaping phage therapy strategies.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Revisiting lactococcal abortive infection-like antiphage systems: diversity, structures, and mechanisms.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- In silico characterization of defense system hotspots in Acinetobacter spp.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Functional and practical insights into three lactococcal antiphage systems.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Discovery of antiphage systems in the lactococcal plasmidome.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Isolation and characterization of a phage collection against Pseudomonas putida.Environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- A phage-encoded RNA-binding protein inhibits the antiviral activity of a toxin-antitoxin system.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- PADLOC: a web server for the identification of antiviral defence systems in microbial genomes.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- Identification, functional characterization, assembly and structure of ToxIN type III toxin-antitoxin complex from E. coli.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- TheToxins · 2021Article
- Substrate specificity of bacterial endoribonuclease toxins.BMB reports · 2020Review
- Antitoxin autoregulation of M. tuberculosis toxin-antitoxin expression through negative cooperativity arising from multiple inverted repeat sequences.The Biochemical journal · 2020Article
- The bacterial Type III toxin-antitoxin system, ToxIN, is a dynamic protein-RNA complex with stability-dependent antiviral abortive infection activity.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Environmental T4-Family Bacteriophages Evolve to Escape Abortive Infection via Multiple Routes in a Bacterial Host Employing "Altruistic Suicide" through Type III Toxin-Antitoxin Systems.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Review
- Mutational Analysis of the Antitoxin in the Lactococcal Type III Toxin-Antitoxin System AbiQ.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2015Article
- Review
- A widespread bacteriophage abortive infection system functions through a Type IV toxin-antitoxin mechanism.Nucleic acids research · 2014Article
- Revenge of the phages: defeating bacterial defences.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2013Review
- Effect of the abortive infection mechanism and type III toxin/antitoxin system AbiQ on the lytic cycle of Lactococcus lactis phages.Journal of bacteriology · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis W-37 is highly resistant to phage infection. The cryptic plasmids from this strain were coelectroporated, along with the shuttle vector pSA3, into the plasmid-free host L. lactis LM0230. In addition to pSA3, erythromycin- and phage-resistant isolates carried pSRQ900, an 11-kb plasmid from L. lactis W-37. This plasmid made the host bacteria highly resistant (efficiency of plaquing <10(-8)) to c2- and 936-like phages. pSRQ900 did not confer any resistance to phages of the P335 species. Adsorption, cell survival, and endonucleolytic activity assays showed that pSRQ900 encodes an abortive infection mechanism. The phage resistance mechanism is limited to a 2.2-kb EcoRV/BclI fragment. Sequence analysis of this fragment revealed a complete open reading frame (abiQ), which encodes a putative protein of 183 amino acids. A frameshift mutation within abiQ completely abolished the resistant phenotype. The predicted peptide has a high content of positively charged residues (pI = 10.5) and is, in all likelihood, a cytosolic protein. AbiQ has no homology to known or deduced proteins in the databases. DNA replication assays showed that phage c21 (c2-like) and phage p2 (936-like) can still replicate in cells harboring AbiQ. However, phage DNA accumulated in its concatenated form in the infected AbiQ+ cells, whereas the AbiQ- cells contained processed (mature) phage DNA in addition to the concatenated form. The production of the major capsid protein of phage c21 was not hindered in the cells harboring AbiQ.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.