ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1998
Expression of myogenin during embryogenesis is controlled by Six/sine oculis homeoproteins through a conserved MEF3 binding site.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 217 citations in OpenAlex.
- CDK8 Inhibition Releases the Muscle Differentiation Block in Fusion-driven Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma.Cancer discovery · 2026Article
- SIX3 as a Regulator of Development and Disease.Journal of developmental biology · 2026Review
- KDM5C-regulated SIX5 promotes glioblastoma progression through transcriptional activation of UBE2C and enhancement of the Warburg effect.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Integrative analysis of the 3D genome and epigenome in mouse embryonic tissues.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2025Article
- The Ku70-SIX1-GPT2 axis regulates alpha-ketoglutarate metabolism to drive progression of prostate cancer.Oncogene · 2025Article
- DiPRO1 distinctly reprograms muscle and mesenchymal cancer cells.EMBO molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Systematic Identification of Long Noncoding RNAs during Three Key Organogenesis Stages in Zebrafish.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- SIX1 reprograms myogenic transcription factors to maintain the rhabdomyosarcoma undifferentiated state.Cell reports · 2022Article
- Six1 and Six2 of the Sine Oculis Homeobox Subfamily are Not Functionally Interchangeable in Mouse Nephron Formation.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- A SIX1 degradation inducer blocks excessive proliferation of prostate cancer.International journal of biological sciences · 2022Article
- Six1 promotes skeletal muscle thyroid hormone response through regulation of the MCT10 transporter.Skeletal muscle · 2021Article
- Rbm24 displays dynamic functions required for myogenic differentiation during muscle regeneration.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Article
- Chromatin remodelers and lineage-specific factors interact to target enhancers to establish proneurosensory fate within otic ectoderm.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- The SIX Family of Transcription Factors: Common Themes Integrating Developmental and Cancer Biology.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Identification of a Small-Molecule Inhibitor That Disrupts the SIX1/EYA2 Complex, EMT, and Metastasis.Cancer research · 2020Article
- Six1 proteins with human branchio-oto-renal mutations differentially affect cranial gene expression and otic development.Disease models & mechanisms · 2020Article
- Testing Proximity of Genomic Regions to Transcription Start Sites and Enhancers Complements Gene Set Enrichment Testing.Frontiers in genetics · 2020Article
- Mice doubly deficient inDisease models & mechanisms · 2018Article
- Location, Location, Location: Signals in Muscle Specification.Journal of developmental biology · 2018Review
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Myogenin, one of the MyoD family of proteins, is expressed early during somitogenesis and is required for myoblast fusion in vivo. Previous studies in transgenic mice have shown that a 184-bp myogenin promoter fragment is sufficient to correctly drive expression of a beta-galactosidase transgene during embryogenesis. We show here that mutation of one of the DNA motifs present in this region, the MEF3 motif, abolished correct expression of this beta-galactosidase transgene. We have found that the proteins that bind to the MEF3 site are homeoproteins of the Six/sine oculis family. Antibodies directed specifically against Six1 or Six4 proteins reveal that each of these proteins is present in the embryo when myogenin is activated and constitutes a muscle-specific MEF3-binding activity in adult muscle nuclear extracts. Both of these proteins accumulate in the nucleus of C2C12 myogenic cells, and transient transfection experiments confirm that Six1 and Six4 are able to transactivate a reporter gene containing MEF3 sites. Altogether these results establish Six homeoproteins as a family of transcription factors controlling muscle formation through activation of one of its key regulators, myogenin.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.