ArticleInfection and immunity1998
Filarial nematode parasites secrete a homologue of the human cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 206 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comprehensive Transcriptome Meta-analysis to Characterize Host Immune Responses in Helminth Infections.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Pooled it
- Deworming helminth co-infected individuals for delaying HIV disease progression.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2009Pooled it
- Treatment of helminth co-infection in HIV-1 infected individuals in resource-limited settings.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2008Pooled it
- Treatment of helminth co-infection in individuals with HIV-1: A systematic review of the literature.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2007Pooled it
- mimicDetector: a pipeline for protein motif mimicry detection in host-pathogen interactions.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Modulation of the Immune Response by Nematode Derived Molecules.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Crystal structure of N-terminally hexahistidine-tagged Onchocerca volvulus macrophage migration inhibitory factor-1.Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology communications · 2024Article
- Analysis of the role ofJournal of veterinary research · 2024Article
- MIF-like domain containing protein orchestrates cellular differentiation and virulence in the fungal pathogeniScience · 2023Article
- Defining the filarial N-glycoproteome by glycosite mapping in the human parasitic nematode Brugia malayi.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The Immune Response to Nematode Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Human IgE mAbs identify major antigens of parasitic worm infection.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2022Article
- A filarial parasite-encoded human IL-10 receptor antagonist reveals a novel strategy to modulate host responses.PNAS nexus · 2022Article
- Functional Diversity of the Excretory/Secretory Proteins of Nematode Parasites.Acta parasitologica · 2022Review
- Nematode Orthologs of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) as Modulators of the Host Immune Response and Potential Therapeutic Targets.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Secreted filarial nematode galectins modulate host immune cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Functional Characterization of the Wheat Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor TaMIF1 in Wheat-Stripe Rust (Biology · 2021Article
- The Secretome of Filarial Nematodes and Its Role in Host-Parasite Interactions and Pathogenicity in Onchocerciasis-Associated Epilepsy.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Ivermectin inhibits extracellular vesicle secretion from parasitic nematodes.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2020Article
- The cytokine MIF controls daily rhythms of symbiont nutrition in an animal-bacterial association.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Filarial nematode parasites establish long-term chronic infections in the context of an antiparasite immunity that is strongly biased toward a Th2 response. The mechanisms that lead to this Th2 bias toward filarial antigens are not clear, but one possibility is that the parasites produce molecules that have the capacity to proactively modify their immunological environment. Here we report that filarial parasites of humans secrete a homologue of the human proinflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) that has the capability of modifying the activity of human monocytes/macrophages. A cDNA clone isolated from a Brugia malayi infective-stage larva expression library encoded a 12.5-kDa protein product (Bm-MIF) with 42% identity to human and murine MIF. MIF homologues were also found to be expressed in the related filarial species Wuchereria bancrofti and Onchocerca volvulus. Bm-mif was transcribed by adult and larval parasites, and the protein product was found in somatic extracts and in the parasite's excretory-secretory products. Immunohistocytochemistry revealed that Bm-MIF was localized to cells of the hypodermis/lateral chord, the uterine wall, and larvae developing in utero. Unexpectedly, the activities of recombinant Bm-MIF and human MIF on human monocytes/macrophages were found to be similar. When placed with monocytes/macrophages in a cell migration assay, Bm-MIF inhibited random migration. When placed away from cells, Bm-MIF induced an increase in monocyte/macrophage migration that was specifically inhibited by neutralizing anti-Bm-MIF antibodies. Bm-MIF is the first demonstration that helminth parasites produce cytokine homologues that have the potential to modify host immune responses to promote parasite survival.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.