ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1998
ExoY, an adenylate cyclase secreted by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III system.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 229 papers.
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229 citing papers in PubMed, 457 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Systematic identification of Salmonella T6SS effectors uncovers diverse new families and lipid-targeting activities.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- A type III secretion system is required for Bordetella atropi invasion of host cells in vivo.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Interplay between T3SS effectors, ExoY activation, and cGMP signaling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Carbon source-driven downregulation of the sRNA AmiL enhancesVirulence · 2025Article
- Occurrence of type VI secretion system effector genes in longitudinal isolates ofMicrobial genomics · 2025Article
- Carbonic anhydrase IX promotes acute lung injury and mortality in females during metabolic acidosis and pneumonia.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2025Article
- Cross-talk between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and urinary tract infections.World journal of urology · 2025Review
- ATP depletion in anthrax edema toxin pathogenesis.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Urinary tract infections and catheter-associated urinary tract infections caused byMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
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- cUMP elicits interendothelial gap formation duringAmerican journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2024Article
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- A bacterial sense of touch: T4P retraction motor as a means of surface sensing byJournal of bacteriology · 2024Review
- The Epistemology of Bacterial Virulence Factor Characterization.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Evidence for intracellularJournal of bacteriology · 2024Review
- The quorum sensing regulator RhlR positively controls the expression of the type III secretion system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1.PloS one · 2024Article
- Nucleotides as Bacterial Second Messengers.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
169 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The exoenzyme S regulon is a set of coordinately regulated virulence genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Proteins encoded by the regulon include a type III secretion and translocation apparatus, regulators of gene expression, and effector proteins. The effector proteins include two enzymes with ADP-ribosyltransferase activity (ExoS and ExoT) and an acute cytotoxin (ExoU). In this study, we identified ExoY as a fourth effector protein of the regulon. ExoY is homologous to the extracellular adenylate cyclases of Bordetella pertussis (CyaA) and Bacillus anthracis (EF). The homology among the three adenylate cyclases is limited to two short regions, one of which possesses an ATP-binding motif. In assays for adenylate cyclase activity, recombinant ExoY (rExoY) catalyzed the formation of cAMP with a specific activity similar to the basal activity of CyaA. In contrast to CyaA and EF, rExoY activity was not stimulated or activated by calmodulin. A 500-fold stimulation of activity was detected following the addition of a cytosolic extract from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. These results indicate that a eukaryotic factor, distinct from calmodulin, enhances rExoY catalysis. Site-directed mutagenesis of residues within the putative active site of ExoY abolished adenylate cyclase activity. Infection of CHO cells with ExoY-producing strains of P. aeruginosa resulted in the intracellular accumulation of cAMP. cAMP accumulation within CHO cells depended on an intact type III translocation apparatus, demonstrating that ExoY is directly translocated into the eukaryotic cytosol.
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