ReviewImmunological reviews1998
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte escape viral variants: how important are they in viral evasion of immune clearance in vivo?
Review in Immunological reviews, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Conservation of HLA Spike Protein Epitopes Supports T Cell Cross-Protection in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinated Individuals against the Potentially Zoonotic Coronavirus Khosta-2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Prediction of Conserved HLA Class I and Class II Epitopes from SARS-CoV-2 Licensed Vaccines Supports T-Cell Cross-Protection against SARS-CoV-1.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Review
- Slowing Influenza Virus Evolution: A Role for Multiple Synergistic Antiviral Specificities in Vaccination Strategies.Viral immunology · 2020Article
- Article
- Control of virus-specific CD8+ T-cell exhaustion and immune-mediated pathology by E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b during chronic viral infection.Journal of virology · 2008Article
- Article
- Article
- Perforin and Fas cytolytic pathways coordinately shape the selection and diversity of CD8+-T-cell escape variants of influenza virus.Journal of virology · 2005Article
- Determinants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 escape from the primary CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte response.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2004Article
- Between-host evolution of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1: an approach based on phylogenetically independent comparisons.Journal of virology · 2004Article
- Differential tissue-specific regulation of antiviral CD8+ T-cell immune responses during chronic viral infection.Journal of virology · 2004Article
- Antibody-mediated protection against cytotoxic T-cell escape in coronavirus-induced demyelination.Journal of virology · 2003Article
- Antigenic drift as a mechanism for tumor evasion of destruction by cytolytic T lymphocytes.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2003Article
- Infection of dendritic cells by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2003Review
- Critical role for alpha/beta and gamma interferons in persistence of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus by clonal exhaustion of cytotoxic T cells.Journal of virology · 2001Article
- Noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus inhibits double-stranded RNA-induced apoptosis and interferon synthesis.Journal of virology · 2001Article
- Unusual distribution of mutations associated with serial bottleneck passages of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.Journal of virology · 2000Article
- Putative immunodominant human immunodeficiency virus-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses cannot be predicted by major histocompatibility complex class I haplotype.Journal of virology · 2000Article
- Viral escape by selection of cytotoxic T cell-resistant variants in influenza A virus pneumonia.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2000Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Although viral variants which are not recognized by epitope-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) have been shown to arise during a number of persistent virus infections, in many cases their significance remains controversial: it has been argued that the immune response is sufficiently plastic to contain their replication. In this review, we describe the mechanisms by which amino acid changes in viral proteins may affect epitope recognition by virus-specific CTL, and discuss the viral and immunological basis for the emergence of viral variants bearing such amino acid changes during infection. We then consider the impact that viral variation may have on the host CTL response and its ability to contain virus replication. We argue that the emergence of a viral variant demonstrates that it must have an in vivo replicative advantage, and that as such, the variant must tip the balance between virus replication and immune control somewhat in favor of the virus. Further, we suggest that although the immune response can evolve to recognize new viral epitopes, the CTL generated following such evolution frequently have a reduced ability to contain virus replication. We conclude that this escape mechanism likely does make a significant contribution to persistence/pathogenesis during a number of different virus infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.