Evidence map›Paper›PMID 9789055›Full record

Trial reportProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1998

Vaccination with irradiated autologous melanoma cells engineered to secrete human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor generates potent antitumor immunity in patients with metastatic melanoma.

R Soiffer, T Lynch, M Mihm, K Jung, C Rhuda, J C Schmollinger, F S Hodi, L Liebster, P Lam, S Mentzer and 17 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readClinical TrialClinical Trial, Phase IMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04856176 (A Phase II Trial of GM-CSF Plus Maintenance Pembrolizumab +/- Pemetrexed After Completion of First Line Chemo-Immunotherapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with PDL-1 of 1%-49%), which is not on this map. Cited by 161 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
161citing papers in PubMed
13.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04856176 phase2terminatednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

A Phase II Trial of GM-CSF Plus Maintenance Pembrolizumab +/- Pemetrexed After Completion of First Line Chemo-Immunotherapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with PDL-1 of 1%-49%

TypeinterventionalSponsorTufts Medical CenterRan2022 to 2024Enrolled5ConditionsAdvanced Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Carcinoma of Lung, TNM Stage 4ArmsGranulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, Pembrolizumab, pemetrexed, Paclitaxel, Carboplatin
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

161 citing papers in PubMed, 578 citations in OpenAlex.

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  11. Tumor vaccine against recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma.World journal of gastroenterology · 2005
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  17. Repurposing Tumor Cells: A Paradigm Shift in Cell-Based Therapies for Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026
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  20. Plasticity of tumor cell immunogenicity: is it druggable?Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025
    Article

101 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

27 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

R SoifferDepartment of Adult Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
T Lynch
M Mihm
K Jung
C Rhuda
J C Schmollinger
F S Hodi
L Liebster
P Lam
S Mentzer
S Singer
K K Tanabe
A B Cosimi
R Duda
A Sober
A Bhan
J Daley
D Neuberg
G Parry
J Rokovich
L Richards
J Drayer
A Berns
S Clift
L K Cohen
R C Mulligan
G Dranoff
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We conducted a Phase I clinical trial investigating the biologic activity of vaccination with irradiated autologous melanoma cells engineered to secrete human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with metastatic melanoma. Immunization sites were intensely infiltrated with T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages, and eosinophils in all 21 evaluable patients. Although metastatic lesions resected before vaccination were minimally infiltrated with cells of the immune system in all patients, metastatic lesions resected after vaccination were densely infiltrated with T lymphocytes and plasma cells and showed extensive tumor destruction (at least 80%), fibrosis, and edema in 11 of 16 patients examined. Antimelanoma cytotoxic T cell and antibody responses were associated with tumor destruction. These results demonstrate that vaccination with irradiated autologous melanoma cells engineered to secrete granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulates potent antitumor immunity in humans with metastatic melanoma.

Indexed as

Cancer VaccinesCytokinesDendritic CellsEosinophilsGenetic EngineeringGranulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating FactorHumansHypersensitivity, DelayedLymphocytesLymphocytes, Tumor-InfiltratingMacrophagesMelanomaNeoplasm MetastasisT-LymphocytesTransplantation, AutologousCancer VaccinesCytokinesGranulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

Identifiers

PMID9789055
PMCPMC23738
OpenAlexW2063495860

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.