ArticleJournal of bacteriology1998
Gram-negative bacteria produce membrane vesicles which are capable of killing other bacteria.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 136 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
136 citing papers in PubMed, 304 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles at the Crossroads of Immune Regulation and Biofilm Dynamics: Biogenesis, Comparative Analysis, and Translational Challenges.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Unveiling Marine Vesicle Uptake in Vibrio spp: Taxonomic and Environmental Insights.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Biomedical Research and Clinical Translation.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Review
- Frontiers in bacterial outer membrane vesicles: From basic characteristics to cancer therapy.Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu · 2026Article
- A Possible Recently Identified Evolutionary Strategy Using Membrane-Bound Vesicle Transfer of Genetic Material to Induce Bacterial Resistance, Virulence and Pathogenicity inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Socio-evolutionary role of bacterial membrane vesicles in cooperation and competition within microbial communities.The ISME journal · 2026Review
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles exhibit distinct functional potential across biogeographic provinces of the South Pacific Ocean.The ISME journal · 2026Article
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles as players in biofilm dynamics and community interactions.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Bioengineering modification and application of bacterial outer membrane vesicles.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Review
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Aging: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Engineering Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles as Nanoweapons to Fight against Bacterial Infections.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Outer membrane vesicles inMicrobial cell (Graz, Austria) · 2026Article
- Enhanced Outer Membrane Vesicle Production inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles target different bacterial species, impairing cell division and diminishing their pathogenicity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles and Antimicrobial Peptides: A Synergistic Approach to Overcome Antimicrobial Resistance.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicle-Driven Crosstalk between Legume Plants and Rhizobia: The Peribacteroid Space of Symbiosomes as a Protein Trafficking Interface.Journal of proteome research · 2025Article
- Role of exosomes in gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived from Oral Bacteria Act as a Dagger in Host Immunity: Insight Tips from Local Diseases to Systemic Effects.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- Novel Nano Drug-Loaded Hydrogel Coatings for the Prevention and Treatment of CAUTI.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Article
76 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Naturally produced membrane vesicles (MVs), isolated from 15 strains of gram-negative bacteria (Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Morganella, Proteus, Salmonella, and Shigella strains), lysed many gram-positive (including Mycobacterium) and gram-negative cultures. Peptidoglycan zymograms suggested that MVs contained peptidoglycan hydrolases, and electron microscopy revealed that the murein sacculi were digested, confirming a previous modus operandi (J. L. Kadurugamuwa and T. J. Beveridge, J. Bacteriol. 174:2767-2774, 1996). MV-sensitive bacteria possessed A1alpha, A4alpha, A1gamma, A2alpha, and A4gamma peptidoglycan chemotypes, whereas A3alpha, A3beta, A3gamma, A4beta, B1alpha, and B1beta chemotypes were not affected. Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 vesicles possessed the most lytic activity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.