ArticleJournal of virology1998
The 5' and 3' TAR elements of human immunodeficiency virus exert effects at several points in the virus life cycle.
Article in Journal of virology, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structures of complete HIV-1 TAR RNA portray a dynamic platform poised for protein binding and structural remodeling.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The role of Tat in HIV latency and reactivation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Variations in the Abortive HIV-1 RNA Hairpin Do Not Impede Viral Sensing and Innate Immune Responses.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Mapping the RNA structural landscape of viral genomes.Methods (San Diego, Calif.) · 2020Article
- NMR Studies of Retroviral Genome Packaging.Viruses · 2020Review
- Stabilizing role of structural elements within the 5´ Untranslated Region (UTR) and gag sequences in Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV) genomic RNA packaging.RNA biology · 2019Article
- Article
- Tat-dependent production of an HIV-1 TAR-encoded miRNA-like small RNA.Nucleic acids research · 2016Article
- Single-molecule FRET studies of HIV TAR-DNA hairpin unfolding dynamics.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2014Article
- Life of psi: how full-length HIV-1 RNAs become packaged genomes in the viral particles.Virology · 2014Review
- Regulation of host gene expression by HIV-1 TAR microRNAs.Retrovirology · 2013Article
- Trans-packaging of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genome into Gag virus-like particles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Microbial cell factories · 2013Article
- Opening of the TAR hairpin in the HIV-1 genome causes aberrant RNA dimerization and packaging.Retrovirology · 2012Article
- Identification of a minimal region of the HIV-1 5'-leader required for RNA dimerization, NC binding, and packaging.Journal of molecular biology · 2012Article
- Role of HIV-1 RNA and protein determinants for the selective packaging of spliced and unspliced viral RNA and host U6 and 7SL RNA in virus particles.Nucleic acids research · 2011Article
- The HIV-1 Tat protein has a versatile role in activating viral transcription.Journal of virology · 2011Article
- Structural determinants and mechanism of HIV-1 genome packaging.Journal of molecular biology · 2011Review
- Destabilization of the TAR hairpin leads to extension of the polyA hairpin and inhibition of HIV-1 polyadenylation.Retrovirology · 2009Article
- Extensive purifying selection acting on synonymous sites in HIV-1 Group M sequences.Virology journal · 2008Review
- Destabilization of the TAR hairpin affects the structure and function of the HIV-1 leader RNA.Nucleic acids research · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA genome contains a terminal repeat (R) sequence that encodes the TAR hairpin motif, which has been implicated in Tat-mediated activation of transcription. More recently, a variety of other functions have been proposed for this structured RNA element. To determine the replicative roles of the 5' and 3' TAR hairpins, we analyzed multiple steps in the life cycle of wild-type and mutant viruses. A structure-destabilizing mutation was introduced in either the 5', the 3', or both TAR motifs of the proviral genome. As expected, opening of the 5' TAR hairpin caused a transcription defect. Because the level of protein expression was not similarly reduced, the translation of this mRNA was improved. No effect of the 3' hairpin on transcription and translation was measured. Mutations of the 5' and 3' hairpin structures reduced the efficiency of RNA packaging to similar extents, and RNA packaging was further reduced in the 5' and 3' TAR double mutant. Upon infection of cells with these virions, a reduced amount of reverse transcription products was synthesized by the TAR mutant. However, no net reverse transcription defect was observed after correction for the reduced level of virion RNA. This result was confirmed in in vitro reverse transcription assays. These data indicate that the 5' and 3' TAR motifs play important roles in several steps of the replication cycle, but these structures have no significant effect on the mechanism of reverse transcription.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.