ArticleJournal of virology1998
Tat protein induces human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coreceptors and promotes infection with both macrophage-tropic and T-lymphotropic HIV-1 strains.
Article in Journal of virology, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 171 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- HIV-1 Tat immunization restores immune homeostasis and attacks the HAART-resistant blood HIV DNA: results of a randomized phase II exploratory clinical trial.Retrovirology · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Role of HIV-1 Tat Protein Interactions with Host Receptors in HIV Infection and Pathogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- New insights into pathogenesis point to HIV-1 Tat as a key vaccine target.Archives of virology · 2021Review
- Anti-Tat immunity defines CD4EBioMedicine · 2021Article
- HIV-1 Tat: Role in Bystander Toxicity.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Review
- Prediction of human-Bacillus anthracis protein-protein interactions using multi-layer neural network.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2018Article
- Tat is a multifunctional viral protein that modulates cellular gene expression and functions.Oncotarget · 2017Review
- Exosome-associated release, uptake, and neurotoxicity of HIV-1 Tat protein.Journal of neurovirology · 2016Article
- The two sides of Tat.eLife · 2016Article
- Article
- Virological Mechanisms in the Coinfection between HIV and HCV.Mediators of inflammation · 2015Review
- Molecular and genetic characterization of natural HIV-1 Tat Exon-1 variants from North India and their functional implications.PloS one · 2014Article
- The macrophage: a therapeutic target in HIV-1 infection.Molecular and cellular therapies · 2014Review
- T-Cell Signaling in HIV-1 Infection.The open virology journal · 2013Article
- A monoclonal antibody directed against a conformational epitope of the HIV-1 trans-activator (Tat) protein neutralizes cross-clade.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2012Article
- The Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus-1 enhances hepatitis C virus replication through interferon gamma-inducible protein-10.BMC immunology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are the primary fusion coreceptors utilized for CD4-mediated entry by macrophage (M)- and T-cell line (T)-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains, respectively. Here we demonstrate that HIV-1 Tat protein, a potent viral transactivator shown to be released as a soluble protein by infected cells, differentially induced CXCR4 and CCR5 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CCR3, a less frequently used coreceptor for certain M-tropic strains, was also induced. CXCR4 was induced on both lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages, whereas CCR5 and CCR3 were induced on monocytes/macrophages but not on lymphocytes. The pattern of chemokine receptor induction by Tat was distinct from that by phytohemagglutinin. Moreover, Tat-induced CXCR4 and CCR5 expression was dose dependent. Monocytes/macrophages were more susceptible to Tat-mediated induction of CXCR4 and CCR5 than lymphocytes, and CCR5 was more readily induced than CXCR4. The concentrations of Tat effective in inducing CXCR4 and CCR5 expression were within the picomolar range and close to the range of extracellular Tat observed in sera from HIV-1-infected individuals. The induction of CCR5 and CXCR4 expression correlated with Tat-enhanced infectivity of M- and T-tropic viruses, respectively. Taken together, our results define a novel role for Tat in HIV-1 pathogenesis that promotes the infectivity of both M- and T-tropic HIV-1 strains in primary human leukocytes, notably in monocytes/macrophages.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.