ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health1998
Individual social class, area-based deprivation, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and mortality: the Renfrew and Paisley Study.
Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 194 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
194 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 543 citations in OpenAlex.
- Socio-economic inequalities and heart failure morbidity and mortality: A systematic review and data synthesis.ESC heart failure · 2025Pooled it
- Gene-educational attainment interactions in a multi-ancestry genome-wide meta-analysis identify novel blood pressure loci.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Neighborhood environment in studies of health of older adults: a systematic review.American journal of preventive medicine · 2009Pooled it
- Socioeconomic indicators of health inequalities and female mortality: a nested cohort study within the United Kingdom Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS).BMC public health · 2015Trial
- Heat and socioeconomic deprivation compound to drive coronary heart disease in Los Angeles.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic differences in the prevalence, treatment and control of major cardiometabolic risk factors by sex: a cross-sectional study of the UK Biobank.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Neural-genetic-environmental evidence for a disease factor in mental and physical health multimorbidity.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Associations of Neighborhood Food and Physical Activity Environments in Young Adulthood With Cardiovascular Health in Midlife: The CARDIA Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Sociobiome - Individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status influence the gut microbiome in a multi-ethnic population in the US.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2024Article
- Associations between dimensions of the social environment and cardiometabolic risk factors: Systematic review and meta-analysis.SSM - population health · 2024Review
- Making ends meet - relating a self-reported indicator of financial hardship to health status.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Sociobiome - Individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status influence the gut microbiome in a multi-ethnic population in the US.Research square · 2023Article
- Neighborhood environment and socioeconomic inequalities in cancer admissions: a prospective study using UK Biobank and linked hospital records.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2022Article
- Lifestyle factors as mediators of area-level socio-economic differentials in cardiovascular disease risk factors. The Tromsø Study.SSM - population health · 2022Article
- Association between neighbourhood deprivation and hypertension in a US-wide Cohort.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2022Article
- Socioeconomic Status and Prognosis of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Managed by the Emergency-Intervention "Codi IAM" Network.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Matching participant address with public records database in a US national longitudinal cohort study.SSM - population health · 2021Article
- State of birth and cardiovascular disease mortality: Multilevel analyses of the National Longitudinal Mortality Study.SSM - population health · 2021Article
- Food Access and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Metropolitan Atlanta Census Tracts With Residents at Low Risk and High Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: The Morehouse-Emory Cardiovascular Center for Health Equity Study.Preventing chronic disease · 2021Article
134 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the associations of individual and area-based socioeconomic indicators with cardiovascular disease risk factors and mortality.
designProspective study.
settingThe towns of Renfrew and Paisley in the west of Scotland.
participants6961 men and 7991 women included in a population-based cardiovascular disease screening study between 1972 and 1976.
main outcome measuresCardiovascular disease risk factors and cardiorespiratory morbidity at the time of screening: 15 year mortality from all causes and cardiovascular disease.
resultsBoth the area-based deprivation indicator and individual social class were associated with generally less favourable profiles of cardiovascular disease risk factors at the time of the baseline screening examinations. The exception was plasma cholesterol concentration, which was lower for men and women in manual social class groups. Independent contributions of area-based deprivation and individual social class were generally seen with respect to risk factors and morbidity. All cause and cardiovascular disease mortality rates were both inversely associated with socioeconomic position whether indexed by area-based deprivation or social class. The area-based and individual socioeconomic indicators made independent contributions to mortality risk.
conclusionsIndividually assigned and area-based socioeconomic indicators make independent contributions to several important health outcomes. The degree of inequalities in health that exist will not be demonstrated in studies using only one category of indicator. Similarly, adjustment for confounding by socioeconomic position in aetiological epidemiological studies will be inadequate if only one level of indicator is used. Policies aimed at reducing socioeconomic differentials in health should pay attention to the characteristics of the areas in which people live as well as the characteristics of the people who live in these areas.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.