Evidence map›Paper›PMID 9751701›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1998

Real time detection of DNA.RNA hybridization in living cells.

D L Sokol, X Zhang, P Lu, A M Gewirtz

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
92citing papers in PubMed
5.5field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

92 citing papers in PubMed, 368 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Z-form DNA-RNA hybrid blocks DNA replication.Nucleic acids research · 2025
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. In Vivo Visualization of Mobile mRNA Particles in Plants Using BglG.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Different Approaches to Develop Nanosensors for Diagnosis of Diseases.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2020
    Review
  10. Nucleic-Acid Structures as Intracellular Probes for Live Cells.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2020
    Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotyping in Single-Molecule Electronic Circuits.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2017
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

D L SokolDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
X Zhang
P Lu
A M Gewirtz
University of Pennsylvania · USBristol-Myers Squibb (United States) · USUniversity of Colorado Boulder · US

Funding

VAV ANTISENSE ODN--A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC FOR HUMAN LEUKEMIASP01CA072765 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI GEWIRTZ, ALAN M · 1997 to 2007
$8.5M
ANTISENSE DNA THERAPEUTICS FOR LEUKEMIAR01CA066731 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI GEWIRTZ, ALAN M · 1996 to 1999
–
NCI NIH HHS P01 CA072765NCI NIH HHS P01 CA72765NCI NIH HHS R01 CA66731
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Demonstrating hybridization between an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide and its mRNA target has proven to be extremely difficult in living cells. To address this fundamental problem in antisense research, we synthesized "molecular beacon" (MB) reporter oligodeoxynucleotides with matched fluorescent donor and acceptor chromophores on their 5' and 3' ends. In the absence of a complementary nucleic acid strand, the MB remains in a stem-loop conformation where fluorescence resonance energy transfer prevents signal emission. On hybridization with a complementary sequence, the stem-loop structure opens increasing the physical distance between the donor and acceptor moieties thereby reducing fluorescence resonance energy transfer and allowing a detectable signal to be emitted when the beacon is excited by light of the appropriate wavelength. Solution hybridization studies revealed that in the presence of a complementary strand targeted MB could yield up to a 60-fold increase in fluorescence intensity in comparison to control MB. By using a fluorescence microscope fitted with UV fluoride lenses, the detection limit of preformed MB/target sequence duplexes microinjected into cells was found to be >/=1 x 10(-1) ag of MB, or approximately 10 molecules of mRNA. On the basis of this exquisite sensitivity, real-time detection of MB/target mRNA hybridization in living cells was attempted by microinjecting MB targeted to the vav protooncogene, or control MB, into K562 human leukemia cells. Within 15 min, confocal microscopy revealed fluorescence in cells injected with targeted, but not control, MB. These studies suggest that real-time visualization and localization of oligonucleotide/mRNA interactions is now possible. MB could find utility in studying RNA processing, trafficking, and folding in living cells. We hypothesize that MB may also prove useful for finding targetable mRNA sequence under physiologic conditions.

Indexed as

Nucleic Acid HybridizationAnimalsBase SequenceCell LineCricetinaeDNADrug DesignFluorescent DyesHumansMicroinjectionsMicroscopy, ConfocalMicroscopy, FluorescenceNaphthalenesulfonatesOligonucleotides, Antisensep-DimethylaminoazobenzeneRNA, Messenger4-(4-dimethylaminophenylazo)benzoic acid5-((2-aminoethyl)amino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acidDNAFluorescent DyesNaphthalenesulfonatesOligonucleotides, Antisensep-DimethylaminoazobenzeneRNA, Messenger

Identifiers

PMID9751701
PMCPMC21676
OpenAlexW1987069778

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.