When placebo controlled trials are essential and equivalence trials are inadequate.

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

1. Immediate rescue designs in pediatric analgesic trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Anesthesiology · 2015
   Pooled it
2. Incentive spirometry for preventing pulmonary complications after coronary artery bypass graft.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2012
   Pooled it
3. Prophylactic respiratory physiotherapy after cardiac surgery: systematic review.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2003
   Pooled it
4. Randomised crossover trial of transdermal fentanyl and sustained release oral morphine for treating chronic non-cancer pain.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2001
   Trial
5. Spinal Manipulative Therapy for Acute Neck Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021
   Review
6. Attitudes of patients and surgeons towards sham surgery trials: a protocol for a scoping review of attributes to inform a discrete choice experiment.BMJ open · 2020
   Article
7. Use of placebos in Phase 1 preventive HIV vaccine clinical trials.Vaccine · 2015
   Article
8. Pediatric analgesic clinical trial designs, measures, and extrapolation: report of an FDA scientific workshop.Pediatrics · 2012
   Article
9. [Clinical significance of the placebo effect].Der Anaesthesist · 2008
   Review
10. Systematic review on the recurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting after a first episode in the recovery room - implications for the treatment of PONV and related clinical trials.BMC anesthesiology · 2006
    Article
11. Is it always unethical to use a placebo in a clinical trial?PLoS medicine · 2005
    Article
12. Equivalence and noninferiority trials - are they viable alternatives for registration of new drugs? (III).Current controlled trials in cardiovascular medicine · 2004
    Article
13. Benefits and risks of newer treatments for chemotherapy-induced and postoperative nausea and vomiting.Drug safety · 2003
    Review
14. Issues in the conduct of therapeutic trials in palliative care: an Australian perspective.Drugs & aging · 2002
    Review
15. Treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting: a quantitative systematic review.BMC anesthesiology · 2001
    Article
16. Declaration of Helsinki should be strengthened.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2000
    Article
17. Trials of postoperative antiemetics need three arms.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 1999
    Article

Corrections and comments

• Commented on by
  Trials of postoperative antiemetics need three arms.1999

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Indexed as