ArticleJournal of virology1998
Transactivation by the E2 protein of oncogenic human papillomavirus type 31 is not essential for early and late viral functions.
Article in Journal of virology, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Activation of the HPV16 late promoter by viral E2 and cellular BRD4 and ZC3H4 proteins.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- The Natural History of Cervical Cancer and the Case for MicroRNAs: Is Human Papillomavirus Infection the Whole Story?International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Experimental Support for Human Papillomavirus Genome Amplification Early after Infectious Delivery.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Review
- Review
- BRD4S interacts with viral E2 protein to limit human papillomavirus late transcription.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Persistent Human Papillomavirus Infection.Viruses · 2021Review
- Multiple Roles of Brd4 in the Infectious Cycle of Human Papillomaviruses.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Review
- Use of Cap Analysis Gene Expression to detect human papillomavirus promoter activity patterns at different disease stages.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Human Papillomavirus 31 Tyrosine 102 Regulates Interaction with E2 Binding Partners and Episomal Maintenance.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Phosphorylation of the Human Papillomavirus E2 Protein at Tyrosine 138 Regulates Episomal Replication.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Mechanisms of persistence by small DNA tumor viruses.Current opinion in virology · 2018Review
- Identification and Functional Characterization of Phosphorylation Sites of the Human Papillomavirus 31 E8^E2 Protein.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- An oral keratinocyte life cycle model identifies novel host genome regulation by human papillomavirus 16 relevant to HPV positive head and neck cancer.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- The Deacetylase SIRT1 Regulates the Replication Properties of Human Papillomavirus 16 E1 and E2.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Article
- Human Papillomavirus E2 Protein: Linking Replication, Transcription, and RNA Processing.Journal of virology · 2016Review
- Human Papillomavirus E2 Regulates SRSF3 (SRp20) To Promote Capsid Protein Expression in Infected Differentiated Keratinocytes.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- Interaction of NCOR/SMRT Repressor Complexes with Papillomavirus E8^E2C Proteins Inhibits Viral Replication.PLoS pathogens · 2016Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The activation of transcription and of DNA replication are, in some cases, mediated by the same proteins. A prime example is the E2 protein of human papillomaviruses (HPVs), which binds ACCN6GGT sequences and activates heterologous promoters from multimerized binding sites. The E2 protein also has functions in replication, where it complexes with the virally encoded origin recognition protein, E1. Much of the information on these activities is based on transient-transfection assays as well as biochemical analyses; however, their importance in the productive life cycle of oncogenic HPVs remains unclear. To determine the contributions of these E2 functions to the HPV life cycle, a genetic analysis was performed by using an organotypic tissue culture model. HPV type 31 (HPV31) genomes that contained mutations in the N terminus of E2 (amino acid 73) were constructed; these mutants retained replication activities but were transactivation defective. Following transfection of normal human keratinocytes, these mutant genomes were established as stable episomes and expressed early viral transcripts at levels similar to those of wild-type HPV31. Upon differentiation in organotypic raft cultures, the induction of late gene expression and amplification of viral DNA were detected in cell lines harboring mutant genomes. Interestingly, only a modest reduction in late gene expression was observed in the mutant lines. We conclude that the transactivation function of E2 is not essential for the viral life cycle of oncogenic HPVs, although it may act to moderately augment late expression. Our studies suggest that the primary positive role of E2 in the viral life cycle is as a replication factor.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.