ArticleJournal of bacteriology1998
Escherichia coli tol-pal mutants form outer membrane vesicles.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 191 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
191 citing papers in PubMed, 373 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lipopolysaccharide insertion and vesicle mediated turnover drive growth independent outer membrane adaptation in Escherichia coli.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles: Research Advances from Biogenesis Mechanisms to Engineered Applications.Membranes · 2026Review
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Biomedical Research and Clinical Translation.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Review
- Periplasmic crowding and peptidoglycan hydrolase activity as drivers of outer membrane vesiculation in Acinetobacter baumannii.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Length matters: the disordered N-terminus of Pal coordinates Lpp exclusion for outer membrane constriction inJournal of bacteriology · 2026Article
- Differential membrane lipid disruption by lipopeptide antibiotics, colistin and turnercyclamycins.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Porin-Independent Uptake of Small Molecule Antibiotics Facilitated by Escherichia coli Outer Membrane Vesicles.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2026Article
- Outer membrane vesicles as a versatile nanoplatform for advanced vaccine development and immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Outer Membrane Vesicles as a Versatile Platform for Vaccine Development: Engineering Strategies, Applications and Challenges.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Review
- Bioengineering Outer-Membrane Vesicles for Vaccine Development: Strategies, Advances, and Perspectives.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Enhanced Outer Membrane Vesicle Production inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Outer Membrane Vesicles fromACS nano · 2025Article
- Potential of bacterial outer membrane vesicles in tumor vaccine: characteristics, advancements, and future directions.Essays in biochemistry · 2025Review
- Primary role of the Tol-Pal complex in bacterial outer membrane lipid homeostasis.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Discovery of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa-specific small molecule targeting outer membrane protein OprH-LPS interaction by a multiplexed screen.Cell chemical biology · 2025Article
- Microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles: current knowledge, gaps, and challenges in precision nutrition.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immune Responses Elicited by Outer Membrane Vesicles of Gram-Negative Bacteria: Important Players in Vaccine Development.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Evaluation of the efficiency of various methods to load fluoroquinolones intoBiochemical engineering journal · 2024Article
- Structural stability for surface display of antigen 43 and application to bacterial outer membrane vesicles production.BMB reports · 2024Article
131 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mutations in the tol-pal genes induce pleiotropic effects such as release of periplasmic proteins into the extracellular medium and hypersensitivity to drugs and detergents. Other outer membrane defective strains such as tolC, lpp, and rfa mutations are also altered in their outer membrane permeability. In this study, electron microscopy and Western blot analyses were used to show that strains with mutations in each of the tol-pal genes formed outer membrane vesicles after growth in standard liquid or solid media. This phenotype was not observed in tolC and rfaD cells in the same conditions. A tolA deletion in three different Escherichia coli strains was shown to lead to elevated amounts of vesicles. These results, together with plasmid complementation experiments, indicated that the formation of vesicles resulted from the defect of any of the Tol-Pal proteins. The vesicles contained outer membrane trimeric porins correctly exposed at the cell surface. Pal outer membrane lipoprotein was also immunodetected in the vesicle fraction of tol strains. The results are discussed in view of the role of the Tol-Pal transenvelope proteins in maintaining outer membrane integrity by contributing to target or integrate newly synthesized components of this structure.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.