ArticleClinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology1998
Increased interleukin-6 levels in nasal lavage samples following experimental influenza A virus infection.
Article in Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Correlates of Protection against Influenza in the Elderly: Results from an Influenza Vaccine Efficacy Trial.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2016Trial
- Immunostimulatory, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects of Gum Arabic: regulation of cytokines and phagocytic function in rats.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Innate immune role of IL-6 in influenza a virus pathogenesis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- β-Defensin-1 Regulates Influenza Virus Infection in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells through the STAT3 Signaling Pathway.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Protective cellular and mucosal immune responses following nasal administration of a whole gamma-irradiated influenza A (subtype H1N1) vaccine adjuvanted with interleukin-28B in a mouse model.Archives of virology · 2021Article
- A Paper-Based IL-6 Test Strip Coupled With a Spectrum-Based Optical Reader for Differentiating Influenza Severity in Children.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021Article
- Erucic acid fromJournal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2020Article
- A Co-culture Model of PBMC and Stem Cell Derived Human Nasal Epithelium Reveals Rapid Activation of NK and Innate T Cells Upon Influenza A Virus Infection of the Nasal Epithelium.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Neisseria cinerea Expresses a Functional Factor H Binding Protein Which Is Recognized by Immune Responses Elicited by Meningococcal Vaccines.Infection and immunity · 2017Article
- Attenuation of the virulence of a recombinant influenza virus expressing the naturally truncated NS gene from an H3N8 equine influenza virus in mice.Veterinary research · 2016Article
- Xanthii Fructus inhibits allergic response in the ovalbumin-sensitized mouse allergic rhinitis model.Pharmacognosy magazine · 2015Article
- A large-scale immuno-epidemiological simulation of influenza A epidemics.BMC public health · 2014Article
- Expression of non-structural-1A binding protein in lung epithelial cells is modulated by miRNA-548an on exposure to influenza A virus.Virology · 2013Article
- Article
- Immunopathogenesis of 2009 pandemic influenza.Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica · 2012Review
- Article
- Interleukin-6 is a potential biomarker for severe pandemic H1N1 influenza A infection.PloS one · 2012Article
- Aerosol inoculation with a sub-lethal influenza virus leads to exacerbated morbidity and pulmonary disease pathogenesis.Viral immunology · 2011Article
- Minimum Infective Dose of the Major Human Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Transmitted Through Food and the Environment.Food and environmental virology · 2011Review
- Increased Survivorship and Altered Cytokine Profile from Treatment of Influenza A H1N1-Infected Mice with Ekybion: A Drug Complex of Natural Extracts and Inorganic Compounds.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleotropic cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of local inflammation during viral upper respiratory infections. This study determined if experimental influenza A virus infection causes local IL-6 production. Seventeen healthy, adult subjects were intranasally inoculated, by course drops, with a safety-tested strain of influenza A/Kawasaki/86 (H1N1) virus. Nasal lavage samples were collected, symptoms were recorded, and expelled nasal secretions were weighed once before and then daily for 8 days after the virus inoculation. Lavage samples were submitted for virus culture and were examined for IL-6 and IL-4 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The IL-6, but not IL-4, levels were significantly increased in the nasal lavage samples of the 12 subjects who shed virus but not in those of the 5 subjects who did not shed virus. Moreover, the elevations in IL-6 levels were related temporally to the development of nasal symptoms and secretions but not to systemic symptoms. These results suggest a role for locally produced IL-6 in the pathogenesis and expressed symptomatology of influenza A virus infection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.