ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience1998
Transcriptional regulation of the GluR2 gene: neural-specific expression, multiple promoters, and regulatory elements.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emotional stress increases GluA2 expression and potentiates fear memory via adenylyl cyclase 5.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Molecular mechanism of specific DNA sequence recognition by NRF1.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Neurite-Enriched MicroRNA-218 Stimulates Translation of the GluA2 Subunit and Increases Excitatory Synaptic Strength.Molecular neurobiology · 2019Article
- Low-Concentration Tributyltin Decreases GluR2 Expression via Nuclear Respiratory Factor-1 Inhibition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Article
- The Importance of REST for Development and Function of Beta Cells.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2017Review
- BET protein Brd4 activates transcription in neurons and BET inhibitor Jq1 blocks memory in mice.Nature neuroscience · 2015Article
- P38 MAPK inhibition protects against glutamate neurotoxicity and modifies NMDA and AMPA receptor subunit expression.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2015Article
- Methamphetamine downregulates striatal glutamate receptors via diverse epigenetic mechanisms.Biological psychiatry · 2014Article
- Specificity protein 4 (Sp4) regulates the transcription of AMPA receptor subunit GluA2 (Gria2).Biochimica et biophysica acta · 2014Article
- Comparison of REST cistromes across human cell types reveals common and context-specific functions.PLoS computational biology · 2014Article
- Rsk2 Knockdown in PC12 Cells Results in Sp1 Dependent Increased Expression of the Gria2 Gene, Encoding the AMPA Receptor Subunit GluR2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2013Article
- Epigenetic mechanisms in stroke and epilepsy.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2013Review
- Article
- Epigenetics and epilepsy.Epilepsia · 2012Review
- Small molecule screening identifies regulators of the transcription factor ΔFosB.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2012Article
- GluA2 AMPA glutamate receptor subunit exhibits codon 607 Q/R RNA editing in the lens.Biochemical and biophysical research communications · 2012Article
- The Rett syndrome protein MeCP2 regulates synaptic scaling.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2012Article
- Bigenomic regulation of cytochrome c oxidase in neurons and the tight coupling between neuronal activity and energy metabolism.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2012Review
- Transcriptional control of KCNQ channel genes and the regulation of neuronal excitability.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2010Article
- Glutamate receptor ion channels: structure, regulation, and function.Pharmacological reviews · 2010Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To understand how neurons control the expression of the AMPA receptor subunit GluR2, we cloned the 5' proximal region of the rat gene and investigated GluR2 promoter activity by transient transfection. RNase protection and primer extension of rat brain mRNA revealed multiple transcription initiation sites from -340 to -481 bases upstream of the GluR2 AUG codon. The relative use of 5' start sites was different in cortex and cerebellum, indicating complexity of GluR2 transcript expression among different sets of neurons. When GluR2 promoter activity was investigated by plasmid transfection into cultured cortical neurons, cortical glia, and C6 glioma cells, the promoter construct with the strongest activity, per transfected cell, was 29.4-fold (+/- 3.7) more active in neurons than in non-neural cells. Immunostaining of cortical cultures showed that >97% of the luciferase-positive cells also expressed the neuronal marker MAP-2. Evaluation of internal deletion and substitution mutations identified a functional repressor element I RE1-like silencer and functional Sp1 and nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) elements within a GC-rich proximal GluR2 promoter region. The GluR2 silencer reduced promoter activity in glia and non-neuronal cell lines by two- to threefold, was without effect in cortical neurons, and could bind the RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) because cotransfection of REST into neurons reduced GluR2 promoter activity in a silencer-dependent manner. Substitution of the GluR2 silencer by the homologous NaII RE1 silencer further reduced GluR2 promoter activity in non-neuronal cells by 30-47%. Maximal positive GluR2 promoter activity required both Sp1 and NRF-1 cis elements and an interelement nucleotide bridge sequence. These results indicate that GluR2 transcription initiates from multiple sites, is highly neuronal selective, and is regulated by three regulatory elements in the 5' proximal promoter region.
Indexed as
Identifiers
9712644PMC6792970W1797028971What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.