ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation1998
Elevated interleukin-12 in progressive multiple sclerosis correlates with disease activity and is normalized by pulse cyclophosphamide therapy.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 221 citations in OpenAlex.
- Attenuation of islet-specific T cell responses is associated with C-peptide improvement in autoimmune type 2 diabetes patients.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2013Trial
- Elevated monocytic IL-12 and TNF-alpha production in Wegener's granulomatosis is normalized by cyclophosphamide and corticosteroid therapy.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2002Trial
- Cytokine multimerization: when more is more and sometimes less.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Sydenham Chorea With Elevated Interleukin-12 Levels Responsive to Plasmapheresis and Immunotherapy.Cureus · 2026Article
- Role of Cytokines, Chemokines and IFN-γBiomedicines · 2022Article
- Mouse Model of a Human STAT4 Point Mutation That Predisposes to Disseminated Coccidiomycosis.ImmunoHorizons · 2022Article
- Article
- The Effect of Cannabis on the Clinical and Cytokine Profiles in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis international · 2021Article
- Role of adrenergic receptor signalling in neuroimmune communication.Current research in immunology · 2021Review
- Tetracyclines DiminishFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Reduced IκB-α Protein Levels in Peripheral Blood Cells of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis-A Possible Cause of Constitutive NF-κB Activation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Low-dose oral cyclophosphamide therapy reduces atherosclerosis progression by decreasing inflammatory cells in a murine model of atherosclerosis.International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature · 2020Article
- IL-12-Induced Immune Suppressive Deficit During CD8+ T-Cell Differentiation.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Potential for Targeting Myeloid Cells in Controlling CNS Inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- In Silico and In Vivo Analysis of IL37 in Multiple Sclerosis Reveals Its Probable Homeostatic Role on the Clinical Activity, Disability, and Treatment with Fingolimod.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation ameliorates Sjögren's syndrome via suppressing IL-12 production by dendritic cells.Stem cell research & therapy · 2018Article
- Silencing c-Rel in macrophages dampens Th1 and Th17 immune responses and alleviates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice.Immunology and cell biology · 2017Article
- Pharmacological Approaches to the Management of Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.Drugs · 2017Review
- Efficacy of Different Durations of Intravenous Methylprednisolone Treatment in Relapses of Multiple Sclerosis.Noro psikiyatri arsivi · 2017Article
- EBV and vitamin D status in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients with a unique cytokine signature.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is postulated to be a Th1-type cell-mediated autoimmune disease. We investigated cytokine profiles in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis by using intracytoplasmic staining. We found increased IL-12 production by monocytes and increased IFN-gamma production by T cells in untreated patients as compared with controls. In patients treated with methotrexate, methylprednisolone, or cyclophosphamide/methylprednisolone (CY/MP), only CY/MP treatment normalized the elevated IL-12 production. Furthermore, CY/MP-treated patients had decreased IFN-gamma and increased IL-4, IL-5, and TGF-beta expression. Patients followed prospectively before and after starting CY/MP treatment showed a gradual decrease in IL-12 and IFN-gamma production and an increase in IL-4 and IL-5. In vitro, addition of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, a metabolite of cyclophosphamide decreased IL-12 production in mononuclear cell cultures. When patients were classified as having active or stable disease, IL-12 production correlated with disease activity. In summary, our results demonstrate a Th1-type cytokine bias in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of untreated progressive MS patients that is reversed by CY/MP treatment and is associated with Th2 and TGF-beta (Th3) type responses. These findings provide a basis for immune monitoring of patients with MS and suggest that treatments that downregulate IL-12 may prove to be beneficial in progressive MS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.