ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology1998
Stable phenotypic resistance of Candida species to amphotericin B conferred by preexposure to subinhibitory levels of azoles.
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- In Vitro Antifungal Drug Susceptibility of Feline Sporothrix schenckii Complex Isolates, Thailand, 2023-2025.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Does the use of topical azoles have an impact on antifungal resistance?The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Leveraging the microbiome to combat antibiotic resistant gynecological infections.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2025Review
- Insight into Virulence and Mechanisms of Amphotericin B Resistance in theJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Antifungal resistance: why are we losing this battle?Future microbiology · 2024Review
- Induction of amphotericin B resistance in susceptibleEmerging microbes & infections · 2022Article
- Advances in Antifungal Development: Discovery of New Drugs and Drug Repurposing.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Antifungal Efficacy of Redox-Active Natamycin against Some Foodborne Fungi-Comparison withFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Antifungal Drug Resistance: Molecular Mechanisms inChemical reviews · 2021Review
- Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients with Hematological Malignancies: Emergence of Resistant Pathogens and New Antifungal Therapies.Turkish journal of haematology : official journal of Turkish Society of Haematology · 2018Review
- Genetic Analysis Using an Isogenic Mating Pair of Aspergillus fumigatus Identifies Azole Resistance Genes and Lack of MAT Locus's Role in Virulence.PLoS pathogens · 2015Article
- Profile of candidiasis in HIV infected patients.Iranian journal of microbiology · 2012Article
- It only takes one to do many jobs: Amphotericin B as antifungal and immunomodulatory drug.Frontiers in microbiology · 2012Article
- Voriconazole-induced inhibition of the fungicidal activity of amphotericin B in Candida strains with reduced susceptibility to voriconazole: an effect not predicted by the MIC value alone.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2011Article
- Mutants with heteroresistance to amphotericin B and fluconazole in Candida.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2009Article
- Oral candidiasis and oral yeast carriage among institutionalised South African paediatric HIV/AIDS patients.Mycopathologia · 2007Article
- Patterns of amphotericin B killing kinetics against seven Candida species.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2004Article
- Combination antifungal therapy.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2004Review
- Interactions between triazoles and amphotericin B against Cryptococcus neoformans.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2000Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The fungicidal activity of amphotericin B (AmB) was quantitated for several Candida species. Candida albicans and C. tropicalis were consistently susceptible to AmB, with less than 1% survivors after 6 h of exposure to AmB. C. parapsilosis and variants of C. lusitaniae and C. guilliermondii were the most resistant, demonstrating 50 to 90% survivors in this time period and as high as 1% survival after a 24-h exposure time. All Candida species were killed (<1% survivors) after 24 h of exposure to AmB. In contrast, overnight exposure to either fluconazole or itraconazole resulted in pronounced increases in resistance to subsequent exposures to AmB. Most dramatically, C. albicans was able to grow in AmB cultures after azole preexposure. Several other Candida species did not grow in AmB but showed little or no reduction in viability after up to 24 h in AmB. Depending on the growth conditions, Candida cells preexposed to azoles may retain AmB resistance for days after the azoles have been removed. If this in vitro antagonism applies to the clinical setting, treatment of patients with certain antifungal combinations may not be beneficial. The ability of some Candida isolates to survive transient exposures to AmB was not reflected in the in vitro susceptibility changes as measured by standard MIC assays. This finding should be considered in studies attempting to correlate patient outcome with in vitro susceptibilities of clinical fungal isolates. Patients who fail to respond to AmB may be infected with isolates that are classified as susceptible by standard in vitro assays but that may be resistant to transient antifungal exposures which may be more relevant in the clinical setting.
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