ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation1998
Expression of the elastolytic cathepsins S and K in human atheroma and regulation of their production in smooth muscle cells.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 209 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
209 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 669 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serum cystatin C is associated with the prognosis in acute myocardial infarction patients after coronary revascularization: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the cathepsin S inhibitor, LY3000328, in healthy subjects.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2014Trial
- Leptin locally synthesized in carotid atherosclerotic plaques could be associated with lesion instability and cerebral emboli.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2012Trial
- Genetic approach to the role of cysteine proteases in the expansion of abdominal aortic aneurysms.The British journal of surgery · 2004Trial
- Proteolysis at the extracellular matrix interface: Molecular architects and regulators in health and disease.The FEBS journal · 2026Review
- Prognostic Value of Cystatin C Across Ejection Fraction Spectrum in Heart Failure With Normal to Mild Renal Dysfunction Original Investigation.Clinical cardiology · 2026Article
- Circulating elastin crosslinking desmosines are associated with arterial wall degradation in older adults with atherosclerosis.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Association of cystatin C with 20-year mortality risk in the general US population: a cohort study.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Phthalate exposure is associated with increased CVD risk in CKD: evidence from NHANES and network toxicology analysis.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Cathepsin K: a novel association with glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and subclinical atherosclerosis in T2DM.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- The pH-Dependent Specificity of Cathepsin S and Its Implications for Inflammatory Communications and Disease.Biochemistry · 2025Article
- Circulating protein biomarkers and their association with vulnerable plaque characteristics - a PROSPECT II substudy.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2025Article
- Identifying a gene signature for age-related hearing loss through machine learning and revealing the effect of the CTSS on the mice cochlea.Biogerontology · 2025Article
- Lysosomes as Dynamic Regulators of Metabolic Signaling and Organ Physiology in Aging: From Mechanism to Therapy.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- Identification of Key Genes Mediated by N6-Methyladenosine Methyltransferase METTL3 in Ischemic Stroke via Bioinformatics Analysis and Experiments.Molecular biotechnology · 2025Article
- Roles of cathepsin S expression levels on the prognosis and tumour microenvironment in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.Discover oncology · 2024Article
- Cystatin C and sarcopenia index are associated with cardiovascular and all-cause death among adults in the United States.BMC public health · 2024Article
- The Aging Lacrimal Gland of Female C57BL/6J Mice Exhibits Multinucleate Macrophage Infiltration Associated With Lipid Dysregulation.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Neutrophil-Derived Proteases in Lung Inflammation: Old Players and New Prospects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
149 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Formation of the atherosclerotic intima must involve altered metabolism of the elastin-rich arterial extracellular matrix. Proteases potentially involved in these processes remain unclear. This study examined the expression of the potent elastases cathepsins S and K in human atheroma. Normal arteries contained little or no cathepsin K or S. In contrast, macrophages in atheroma contained abundant immunoreactive cathepsins K and S. Intimal smooth muscle cells (SMC), especially cells appearing to traverse the internal elastic laminae, also contained these enzymes. Extracts of atheromatous tissues had approximately twofold greater elastase-specific activity than extracts of uninvolved arteries, mostly due to cysteine proteases. Cultured human SMC displayed no immunoreactive cathepsins K and S and exhibited little or no elastolytic activity when incubated with insoluble elastin. SMC stimulated with the atheroma-associated cytokines IL-1beta or IFN-gamma secreted active cathepsin S and degraded substantial insoluble elastin (15-20 microg/10(6) cells/24 h). A selective inhibitor of cathepsin S blocked > 80% of this elastolytic activity. The presence of cathepsins K and S at sites of vascular matrix remodeling and the ability of SMC and macrophages to use these enzymes to degrade elastin supports a role for elastolytic cathepsins in vessel wall remodeling and identifies novel therapeutic targets in regulating plaque stability.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.