Evidence map›Paper›PMID 9683588›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of human genetics1998

Association of MSX1 and TGFB3 with nonsyndromic clefting in humans.

A C Lidral, P A Romitti, A M Basart, T Doetschman, N J Leysens, S Daack-Hirsch, E V Semina, L R Johnson, J Machida, A Burds and 3 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of human genetics, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
86citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
5.6field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

86 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 303 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. A Combination of Variants in SEPTIN9 and MSX1 Genes Leads to the Formation of Orofacial Clefts.Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms · 2026
    Article
  6. Unveiling the multifaceted roles of BCL3: biological functions and disease implications.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026
    Review
  7. Review
  8. foxe1 mutant zebrafish show indications of a hypothyroid phenotype and increased sensitivity to ethanol for craniofacial malformations.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. [Cleft lip and palate].Der Pathologe · 2017
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

A C LidralDepartment of Orthodontics, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA.
P A Romitti
A M Basart
T Doetschman
N J Leysens
S Daack-Hirsch
E V Semina
L R Johnson
J Machida
A Burds
T J Parnell
J L Rubenstein
J C Murray
University of Iowa · USUniversity of California, San Francisco · USUniversity of Cincinnati Medical Center · US

Funding

Molecular Genetic Epidemiology of Cleft Lip and PalateR37DE008559 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI MURRAY, JEFFREY C · 2004 to 2013
$6.8M
SITE SPECIFIC ANTIINSULIN RECEPTOR ANTIBODIESP30DK025295 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI BAR, ROBERT S · 1986 to 2002
$2.6M
MOLECULAR GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CLEFT LIP AND PALATER01DE008559 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI MURRAY, JEFFREY C · 1988 to 2003
$1.5M
TRANSGENIC MODELS OF CRANIOFACIAL DEVELOPMENT DISORDERSP50DE009170 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI MURRAY, JEFFREY C · 1989 to 1998
–
NIDCR NIH HHS DE 08559NIDCR NIH HHS DE 09170NIDDK NIH HHS DK 25295
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and nonsyndromic cleft palate only (CPO) are common congenital anomalies with significant medical, psychological, social, and economic ramifications. Both CL/P and CPO are examples of complex genetic traits. There exists sufficient evidence to hypothesize that disease loci for CL/P and CPO can be identified by a candidate-gene linkage-disequilibrium (LD) strategy. Candidate genes for clefting, including TGFA, BCL3, DLX2, MSX1, and TGFB3, were screened for LD with either CL/P or CPO in a predominantly Caucasian population, with both case-control- and nuclear-family-based approaches. Previously reported LD for TGFA with both CL/P and CPO could not be confirmed, except in CL/P patients with a positive family history. Also, in contrast to previous studies, no LD was found between BCL3 and either CL/P or CPO. Significant LD was found between CL/P and both MSX1 and TGFB3 and between CPO and MSX1, suggesting that these genes are involved in the pathogenesis of clefting. In addition, a mutation search in the genes DLX2, MSX1, and TGFB3 was performed in 69 CPO patients and in a subset of the CL/P patients. No common mutations were found in the coding regions of these genes; however, several rare variants of MSX1 and TGFB3 were found that may alter the latters' normal function. These results form the basis for future research, including (a) mutation searches in the MSX1 and TGFB3 genes in Caucasian CL/P patients and (b) extension of the search for MSX1 mutations in CPO patients to the noncoding regions.

Indexed as

Linkage DisequilibriumMutationTranscription FactorsAmino Acid SubstitutionCase-Control StudiesCleft LipCleft PalateExonsGenetic MarkersGenetic VariationHomeodomain ProteinsHumansIntronsIowaMSX1 Transcription FactorNuclear FamilyGenetic MarkersHomeodomain ProteinsMSX1 Transcription FactorTranscription FactorsTransforming Growth Factor beta

Identifiers

PMID9683588
PMCPMC1377298
OpenAlexW1965222408

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.