ArticleInfection and immunity1998
Genetic variation of the Borrelia burgdorferi gene vlsE involves cassette-specific, segmental gene conversion.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 122 papers.
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Who cites it
122 citing papers in PubMed, 242 citations in OpenAlex.
- Testing the capacity of humanized immune system mice to induce a protective antibody response against the Lyme disease pathogen.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Antigenic variation is caused by long plasmid segment conversion in a hard tick-borne relapsing fever Borrelia miyamotoi.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Breaking a barrier: In trans vlsE recombination and genetic manipulation of the native vlsE gene of the Lyme disease pathogen.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Meta-analysis of the Vmp-like sequences of Lyme diseaseFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence ofVirulence · 2023Review
- Detection ofVeterinary sciences · 2022Article
- Evolution of theMicrobiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Subversion of the immune response of human pathogenic spirochetes.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2022Review
- Screening of Surface-Exposed Lipoproteins ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- G-Quadruplex Structures in Bacteria: Biological Relevance and Potential as an Antimicrobial Target.Journal of bacteriology · 2021Review
- Laboratory Diagnosis of Lyme Borreliosis.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2021Review
- Investigating BB0405 as a novel Borrelia afzelii vaccination candidate in Lyme borreliosis.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Lyme Disease Pathogenesis.Current issues in molecular biology · 2021Review
- Deciphering the Role ofFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Report of the Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Lyme Disease Subcommittee of the HHS Tick Borne Disease Working Group.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Immune Response toCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2021Article
- Review
- Antibody profiling of a Borreliella burgdorferi (Lyme disease) C6 antibody positive, symptomatic Rottweiler and her pups.Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997) · 2020Article
- Escaping the immune system by DNA repair and recombination in African trypanosomes.Open biology · 2019Review
- Molecular Mechanisms ofJournal of bacteriology · 2019Article
62 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi possesses 15 silent vls cassettes and a vls expression site (vlsE) encoding a surface-exposed lipoprotein. Segments of the silent vls cassettes have been shown to recombine with the vlsE cassette region in the mammalian host, resulting in combinatorial antigenic variation. Despite promiscuous recombination within the vlsE cassette region, the 5' and 3' coding sequences of vlsE that flank the cassette region are not subject to sequence variation during these recombination events. The segments of the silent vls cassettes recombine in the vlsE cassette region through a unidirectional process such that the sequence and organization of the silent vls loci are not affected. As a result of recombination, the previously expressed segments are replaced by incoming segments and apparently degraded. These results provide evidence for a gene conversion mechanism in VlsE antigenic variation.
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