ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1998
Dual effect of interleukin 4 on HIV-1 expression: implications for viral phenotypic switch and disease progression.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 157 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Immunoinformatics study of CD40 ligand-targeting vaccine constructs: a novel immunotherapeutic approach.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2025Article
- A germ-free humanized mouse model shows the contribution of resident microbiota to human-specific pathogen infection.Nature biotechnology · 2024Article
- In silico designing of novel epitope-based peptide vaccines against HIV-1.Biotechnology letters · 2024Article
- Monocyte to macrophage differentiation and changes in cellular redox homeostasis promote cell type-specific HIV latency reactivation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- The cytokine/chemokine response inHeliyon · 2023Review
- Inflammatory profile of vertically HIV-1 infected adolescents receiving ART in Cameroon: a contribution toward optimal pediatric HIV control strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
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- The effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the serum levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in HIV infected subjects.Journal of biomedical science · 2018Article
- EFFECTS OFAfrican journal of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines : AJTCAM · 2017Article
- The puzzling role of CXCR4 in human immunodeficiency virus infection.Theranostics · 2013Review
- Biochemical and biologic characterization of exosomes and microvesicles as facilitators of HIV-1 infection in macrophages.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2012Article
- Elevated cytokine and chemokine levels in the placenta are associated with in-utero HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission.AIDS (London, England) · 2012Article
- Association of interleukin 4 VNTR polymorphism and HIV/AIDS in a north Indian seropositive patients.Molecular biology reports · 2012Article
- Genetic correlates influencing immunopathogenesis of HIV infection.The Indian journal of medical research · 2011Review
- Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by a bis-thiadiazolbenzene-1,2-diamine that chelates zinc ions from retroviral nucleocapsid zinc fingers.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2010Article
- Identification of a potential pharmacological sanctuary for HIV type 1 in a fraction of CD4(+) primary cells.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We report that interleukin 4 (IL-4) inhibits the propagation of non-syncytia-inducing and increases the propagation of syncytia-inducing HIV-1 isolates by two mechanisms. It differentially regulates the two major HIV-1 coreceptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, increasing CXCR4 and decreasing CCR5 expression in primary CD4(+) T-lymphocytes. In addition, IL-4 stimulates the expression of all HIV-1 isolates via a transcriptional activation mechanism. The combination of these effects results in increased propagation of CXCR4-using and inhibition of CCR5-using HIV-1 strains. IL-4 also activates HIV-1 expression in primary monocytes/macrophages but does not affect CCR5 expression. These results identify IL-4 as an important regulator of HIV-1 and suggest a critical role for this cytokine in the control of viral evolution and in the phenotypic switch from non-syncytia-inducing to syncytia-inducing, which leads to accelerated disease progression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.