Evidence map›Paper›PMID 9671760›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1998

Ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorgamma and retinoic acid receptor inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of human breast cancer cells in vitro and in BNX mice.

E Elstner, C Müller, K Koshizuka, E A Williamson, D Park, H Asou, P Shintaku, J W Said, D Heber, H P Koeffler

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00923949 (Pilot Trial of Pioglitazone in Adults Undergoing Surgical Resection of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer), which is not on this map. Cited by 214 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
214citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
14.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00923949 phase2terminatednot on this mapstarted 2008, after this paper: background citation

Pilot Trial of Pioglitazone in Adults Undergoing Surgical Resection of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

TypeinterventionalSponsorNational Cancer Institute (NCI)Ran2008 to 2010Enrolled1ConditionsNon-Small-Cell Lung CancerArmsPioglitazone
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

214 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 796 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. The Association of Bisphenol A and Phthalates with Risk of Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Pooled it
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Cell Death: Mechanisms and Potential Targets in Breast Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Pioglitazone enhances cisplatin's impact on triple-negative breast cancer: Role of PPARγ in cell apoptosis.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2024
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

154 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

E ElstnerDivision of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048-0750, USA. elstnere@csmc.edu
C Müller
K Koshizuka
E A Williamson
D Park
H Asou
P Shintaku
J W Said
D Heber
H P Koeffler
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center · USUniversity of California, Los Angeles · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Induction of differentiation and apoptosis in cancer cells through ligands of nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) is a novel and promising approach to cancer therapy. All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), an RA receptor-specific NHR ligand, is now used for selective cancers. The NHR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is expressed in breast cancer cells. Activation of PPARgamma through a synthetic ligand, troglitazone (TGZ), and other PPARgamma-activators cause inhibition of proliferation and lipid accumulation in cultured breast cancer cells. TGZ (10(-5) M, 4 days) reversibly inhibits clonal growth of MCF7 breast cancer cells and the combination of TGZ (10(-5) M) and ATRA (10(-6) M, 4 days) synergistically and irreversibly inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of MCF7 cells, associated with a dramatic decrease of their bcl-2 protein levels. Similar effects are noted with in vitro cultured breast cancer tissues from patients, but not with normal breast epithelial cells. The observed apoptosis mediated by TGZ and ATRA may be related to the striking down-regulation of bcl-2, because forced over-expression of bcl-2 in MCF7 cells cultured with TGZ and ATRA blocks their cell death. TGZ significantly inhibits MCF7 tumor growth in triple immunodeficient mice. Combined administration of TGZ and ATRA causes prominent apoptosis and fibrosis of these tumors without toxic effects on the mice. Taken together, this combination may provide a novel, nontoxic and selective therapy for human breast cancers.

Indexed as

ApoptosisThiazolidinedionesAdenocarcinomaAnimalsBreastBreast NeoplasmsCell DifferentiationChromansGenes, bcl-2HumansHypoglycemic AgentsLigandsMiceReceptors, Cytoplasmic and NuclearReceptors, Retinoic AcidThiazolesChromansHypoglycemic AgentsLigandsReceptors, Cytoplasmic and NuclearReceptors, Retinoic AcidThiazolesThiazolidinedionesTranscription FactorsTroglitazone

Identifiers

PMID9671760
PMCPMC21158
OpenAlexW2031694725

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.