Trial reportThe Journal of experimental medicine1998
HIV-1 antigen-specific and -nonspecific B cell responses are sensitive to combination antiretroviral therapy.
Trial report in The Journal of experimental medicine, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 249 citations in OpenAlex.
- Longitudinal dynamics of the HIV-specific B cell response during intermittent treatment of primary HIV infection.PloS one · 2017Trial
- Antiretroviral therapy interruptions result in loss of protective humoral immunity to neoantigens in HIV-infected individuals.AIDS (London, England) · 2012Trial
- Effect of hepatitis C virus coinfection on humoral immune alterations in naïve HIV-infected adults on HAART: a three year follow-up study.Journal of clinical immunology · 2005Trial
- Early therapy of vertical human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection: control of viral replication and absence of persistent HIV-1-specific immune responses.Journal of virology · 2000Trial
- Characterization of HIV humoral immunity during analytical treatment interruption.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2026Article
- Multifaceted B cell response to transient HIV viremia in elite controllers.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Article
- Early Transcriptomic Signatures of Immune Response Modulation Following Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Immune Alterations and Viral Reservoir Atlas in SIV-Infected Chinese Rhesus Macaques.Infectious disease reports · 2025Review
- On the carrying capacity of the bone marrow survival niche in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The Impact of HIV on B Cell Compartment and Its Implications for COVID-19 Vaccinations in People with HIV.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Strategies for HIV-1 vaccines that induce broadly neutralizing antibodies.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2023Review
- Impact of Chronic HIV Infection on SARS-CoV-2 Infection, COVID-19 Disease and Vaccines.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Review
- Clinical and Molecular Properties of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Related Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Mouse APOBEC3 Restriction of Retroviruses.Viruses · 2020Review
- Mining for humoral correlates of HIV control and latent reservoir size.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Nodular pulmonary deposition disease in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2020Article
- Acquired hypogammaglobulinemia and pathogen-specific antibody depletion after solid organ transplantation in human immunodeficiency virus infection: A brief report.Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society · 2019Article
- Boosting of Markers of Fcγ Receptor Function in Anti-HIV Antibodies During Structured Treatment Interruption.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2019Article
- Mucosal T follicular helper cells in SIV-infected rhesus macaques: contributing role of IL-27.Mucosal immunology · 2019Article
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We studied how combination antiviral therapy affects B cell abnormalities associated with HIV-1 infection, namely elevated circulating immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody-secreting cell (ASC) frequencies and hypergammaglobulinemia. Within a few weeks of starting antiviral therapy, there is a marked decline in IgG-ASC frequency in both acutely and chronically infected people, whereas the hypergammaglobulinemia often present during chronic infection is more gradually resolved. These reductions are sustained while HIV-1 replication is suppressed. HIV-1 antigen-specific B cell responses are also affected by therapy, manifested by a rapid decline in circulating gp120-specific ASCs. Anti-gp120 titers slowly decrease in chronically infected individuals and usually fail to mature in acutely infected individuals who were promptly treated with antiretroviral therapy. Long-term nonprogressors have high titer antibody responses to HIV-1 antigens, but no detectable gp120-specific IgG-ASC, and normal (or subnormal) levels of total circulating IgG-ASC. Overall, we conclude that HIV-1 infection drives B cell hyperactivity, and that this polyclonal activation is rapidly responsive to decreases in viral replication caused by combination antiviral therapy.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.