Evidence map›Paper›PMID 9666011›Full record

Trial reportJournal of clinical microbiology1998

Random amplification of polymorphic DNA and microsatellite genotyping of pre- and posttreatment isolates of Candida spp. from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients on different fluconazole regimens.

D Metzgar, A van Belkum, D Field, R Haubrich, C Wills

Open access · bronzeAbstract readClinical TrialRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of clinical microbiology, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and microsatellite markers to evaluate Candida parapsilosis transmission in neonatal intensive care units.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2012
    Article
  3. Molecular methods for pathogen and microbial community detection and characterization: current and potential application in diagnostic microbiology.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2012
    Review
  4. Article
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  14. Candidiasis during pregnancy may result from isogenic commensal strains.Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology · 2001
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Molecular typing of Candida albicans isolates from hospitalized patients.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

D MetzgarDepartment of Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0116, USA.
A van Belkum
D Field
R Haubrich
C Wills
University of California, San Diego · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Twelve patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and with CD4 cell counts below 100 cells/microliter received fluconazole daily (200 mg; five patients) or weekly (400 mg; seven patients) for fungal prophylaxis during a 6-month period. Oropharyngeal swabs were taken at regular intervals in order to detect colonization with Candida spp. All yeast isolates were examined with respect to the development over time of fluconazole resistance. Genetic diversity among the strains was assessed in order to discriminate between selection of a resistant subclone and patient recolonization. Genotyping was performed through random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Specific site polymorphisms were assayed by tracking length variability in several microsatellite loci. Finally, to maximize resolution, one of these loci (ERK1) was analyzed by nucleotide sequencing. Although the number of strains analyzed was too small to allow statistical verification, it appeared that when fluconazole was given weekly, a smaller fraction of the strains showed diminished sensitivity than when it was given daily. Genetic analyses allowed three different scenarios to be discerned. Resistance development in an otherwise apparently unchanged strain was seen for 1 of the 12 patients. Clear strain replacement was observed for 3 of the remaining 11 patients. For all other patients minor differences were seen in either the RAPD genotype or the microsatellite allele composition during the course of treatment. In general, microsatellite sequence data is in agreement with data obtained by other methods, but occasionally within-patient heterogeneity is indicated. The present results show that during fluconazole treatment colonizing strains can remain identical, be replaced by clearly different strains, or undergo small changes. Within a patient there may be different levels of intrastrain variation.

Indexed as

AIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsAllelesAntifungal AgentsBase SequenceCandidaCandidiasis, OralDNA, FungalFluconazoleGenotypeHumansMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMicrosatellite RepeatsMolecular Sequence DataMycological Typing TechniquesOropharynxRandom Amplified Polymorphic DNA TechniqueAntifungal AgentsDNA, FungalFluconazole

Identifiers

PMID9666011
PMCPMC105037
OpenAlexW1487143634

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.