ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1998
Extracellular enveloped vaccinia virus is resistant to complement because of incorporation of host complement control proteins into its envelope.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1998. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 119 papers.
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Who cites it
119 citing papers in PubMed, 245 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intravenous delivery of a multi-mechanistic cancer-targeted oncolytic poxvirus in humans.Nature · 2011Trial
- Therapeutic Poxviruses Induce the Secretion of Immunostimulating and Anti-Tumoral Extracellular Vesicles.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- The grand escape - how pathogens outsmart the human complement system.Immunobiology · 2025Review
- Glycan recognition by collectin-11 drives SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and membrane injury of respiratory epithelial cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Monoclonal Antibodies in Light of Mpox Outbreak: Current Research, Therapeutic Targets, and Animal Models.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Improving systemic delivery of oncolytic virus by cellular carriers.Cancer biology & medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- The unique immune evasion mechanisms of the mpox virus and their implication for developing new vaccines and immunotherapies.Virologica Sinica · 2024Review
- Two noncompeting human neutralizing antibodies targeting MPXV B6 show protective effects against orthopoxvirus infections.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Mediation of antitumor activity by AZD4820 oncolytic vaccinia virus encoding IL-12.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2024Article
- Review
- Characterization of a plant-derived monoclonal antibody targeting extracellular enveloped virions of Monkeypox virus.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- Tumor Tropism of DNA Viruses for Oncolytic Virotherapy.Viruses · 2023Review
- Preclinical and clinical trials of oncolytic vaccinia virus in cancer immunotherapy: a comprehensive review.Cancer biology & medicine · 2023Review
- Generation of novel oncolytic vaccinia virus with improved intravenous efficacy through protection against complement-mediated lysis and evasion of neutralization by vaccinia virus-specific antibodies.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Article
- Aptamers Enhance Oncolytic Viruses' Antitumor Efficacy.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Article
- Recombinant Viral Vectors for Therapeutic Programming of Tumour Microenvironment: Advantages and Limitations.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Induction of cell death in ovarian cancer cells by doxorubicin and oncolytic vaccinia virus is associated with CREB3L1 activation.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2021Article
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoT induces G1 cell cycle arrest in melanoma cells.Cellular microbiology · 2021Article
59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VV) produces two antigenically and structurally distinct infectious virions, intracellular mature virus (IMV) and extracellular enveloped virus (EEV). Here we have investigated the resistance of EEV and IMV to neutralization by complement in the absence of immune antibodies. When EEV is challenged with complement from the same species as the cells used to grow the virus, EEV is resistant to neutralization by complement, whereas IMV is not. EEV resistance was not a result of EEV protein B5R, despite its similarity to proteins of the regulators of complement activation (RCA) family, or to any of the other EEV proteins tested (A34R, A36R, and A56R gene products). EEV was sensitive to complement when the virus was grown in one species and challenged with complement from a different species, suggesting that complement resistance might be mediated by host RCA incorporated into the EEV outer envelope. This hypothesis was confirmed by several observations: (i) immunoblot analysis revealed that cellular membrane proteins CD46, CD55, CD59, CD71, CD81, and major histocompatibility complex class I antigen were detected in purified EEV but not IMV; (ii) immunoelectron microscopy revealed cellular RCA on the surface of EEV retained on the cell surface; and (iii) EEV derived from rat cells expressing the human RCA CD55 or CD55 and CD59 were more resistant to human complement than EEV derived from control rat cells that expressed neither CD55 nor CD59. These data justify further analysis of the roles of these (and possible other) cellular proteins in EEV biology.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.